tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88201572639519898682024-03-14T15:04:17.530+07:00Adi Ingin Berbagi Informasi untuk AndaBlog ini menyajikan informasi tentang seputar Islam, geografi, kesehatan, sejarah, para tokoh, dan pengetahuan umum lainnya.Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.comBlogger117125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-63980982916596175162020-09-15T12:00:00.003+07:002020-09-15T13:01:42.967+07:00Banyak Alim Ulama jadi Korban Kekejaman Sejak Dulu<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuJPd264h-EufB1YRCLbUUuS9WkwSjO6lgwbQRsxqAycTF05Kk4b31WZTrjv1vJpgc0im6q75ZORDNy4lKGKympveZxLu8-Wi4uBhnpGgc_zQJb6ufbCFtrlszfrOmphifHU8jIqXvYN4/s629/Syekh+Ali+Jaber.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="629" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuJPd264h-EufB1YRCLbUUuS9WkwSjO6lgwbQRsxqAycTF05Kk4b31WZTrjv1vJpgc0im6q75ZORDNy4lKGKympveZxLu8-Wi4uBhnpGgc_zQJb6ufbCFtrlszfrOmphifHU8jIqXvYN4/w500-h344/Syekh+Ali+Jaber.jpg" width="500" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sumber gambar</b>: Ayosemarang.com<br /><b>Keterangan</b>: Syekh Ali Jaber</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com">Adi Ingin Berbagi</a> - Penusukan Syekh Ali Jaber saat mengisi kajian di Masjid Falahuddin, Bandar Lampung, Lampung oleh seorang pemuda bernama Alfin Andrian pada Minggu, 13 September 2020 membuat banyak WNI merasa heran mengapa hanya para Ulama yang diserang dan para pelaku selalu diklaim menderita gangguan jiwa.</p><p>Misalnya, si penusuk alim Ulama tersebut dianggap mengalami gangguan jiwa selama 4 tahun sejak ibunya menjadi TKW dan menikah lagi.</p><p>Dikutip dari <a href="https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-5172584/rentetan-penyerangan-ulama-di-bandung-sebelum-insiden-syekh-ali-jaber">Detik.com</a> (14/9), sebelum Syekh Ali Jaber ditusuk, sekitar dua tahun lalu terjadi penganiayaan terhadap dua Ulama di Bandung.</p><p>1. KH. Umar Basri (pengasuh Ponpes al-Hidayah di Cicalengka, Bandung) dianiaya Asep Ukin saat beliau ada di Masjid al-Hidayah, Cicalengka setelah shalat Subuh pada Sabtu, 27 Januari 2018.</p><p>Tidak kurang dari lima jam, pelaku ditangkap di Musholah al-Mufathalah yang bejarak sekitar 2 km dari tempat kejadian.</p><p>Minggu, 12 Agustus 2018, sang Kyai wafat di RS AMC Cileunyi, Bandung setelah sakit empat hari.</p><p>2. Ustadz Prawoto (Komandan Brigade Persatuan Islam) dipukul oleh tetangganya, Asep Maftuh dengan pipa besi pada 1 Februari 2018 di Kecamatan Bandung Kulon, kota Bandung.</p><p>Pemukulan tersebut membuat ustadz wafat dan pelaku dijatuhi hukuman 7 tahun penjara. Asep Maftuh terbukti tidaklah sakit jiwa.</p><p>Kejadian-kejadian tersebut tentu dimanfaatkan oleh orang-orang untuk memperkeruh suasana dengan melemparkan tuduhan.</p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZk4qpebFE-FGWnPVP82-vDrTkWuYnh7jpkokBZ21IntgthBIhETQB0bUw5lT9By7wQg396DIXfRu9gW4ML3943HvZD2RU-EREj62f1WnDzSfp_bJA8VfKOGr8Km1praob9WXRmJJQvFw/s841/zulkifli+hasan.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="841" data-original-width="720" height="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZk4qpebFE-FGWnPVP82-vDrTkWuYnh7jpkokBZ21IntgthBIhETQB0bUw5lT9By7wQg396DIXfRu9gW4ML3943HvZD2RU-EREj62f1WnDzSfp_bJA8VfKOGr8Km1praob9WXRmJJQvFw/w429-h500/zulkifli+hasan.jpeg" width="429" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sumber gambar</b>: Screenshot dari Twitter<br /><b>Keterangan</b>: Akun memperkeruh suasana</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /></p><p>Ada juga orang yang bilang bahwa hanya di era Komunisme, para alim Ulama dianiaya dan dibunuh.</p><p>Pertanyaanya adalah benarkah ucapan mereka?</p><p>Sebenarnya, jauh sebelum Komunisme menjajah dan membunuh jutaan orang di seluruh dunia, sejak dulu, para alim Ulama menjadi korban kekejaman para penguasa.</p><p>Misalnya:</p><p>1. Banyak Ulama dibunuh atas perintah Hajjaj bin Yusuf era Umayyah berkuasa</p><p>2. Karena menolak menjadi hakim, Imam Abu Hanifah dicambuk dan dipenjara hingga wafat atas perintah Khalifah Abu Ja'far al-Manshur (memerintah 754-775)</p><p>3. Karena menolak kitabnya al-Muwattha' menjadi panduan resmi negara, Imam Malik ditangkap dan dicambuk atas perintah Khalifah al-Manshur</p><p>4. Sufyan ats-Tsauri dan Abbad bin Katsir dipenjara atas perintah Khalifah al-Manshur</p><p>5. Para Ulama yang tidak mengakui Alquran sebagai makhluk mengalami penyiksaan, dipenjara dan pembunuhan atas perintah Khalifah al-Makmun (memerintah 813-833), al-Mu'tashim Billah (memerintah 833-841), dan al-Warsiq (memerintah 842-847).</p><p>6. Atas perintah Raja Amangkurat I (memerintah 1645-1677) di Jogjakarta sekitar enam ribu Ulama dan keluarga mereka dibantai sengan tuduhan makar</p><p>Seperti para Nabi yaitu Nabi Zakaria dan Yahya عليهم سلم yang dibunuh, begitu juga para alim Ulama jadi korban kekejaman para penguasa.</p><p>Di masa kekerajaan seperti Umayyah (661-750), Abbasiyah (750-1258) dan Kesultanan Mataram (1587-1755) bahkan era modern, para alim Ulama diserang dan dibunuh oleh warga sipil juga.</p><p>Semoga kita termasuk orang-orang yang mencintai dan membela para alim Ulama karena Allah dan Rasul-Nya.</p><p><b>Sumber Pustaka</b>:</p><p>✍️ Hosen, Nadirsyah.2018.Islam Yes, Khilafah No! Jilid 2: Dinasti Abbasiyah, Tragedi, dan Munculnya Khawarij Zaman Now. Yogyakarta. Suka Press.</p><p>Baca juga:</p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/6-jasa-para-ulama-dalam-kemerdekaan.html">Jasa para Ulama terhadap Kemerdekaan Indonesia</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2020/08/sejauh-mana-kamu-tahu-indonesia.html">Sejauh Mana Kamu Kenal Indonesia?</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/10/sejarah-islam-di-hongaria.html">Bagaimana Islam Masuk ke Hongaria?</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/pandangan-islam-tentang-malpraktek.html">Pandangan Islam terhadap Malpraktek</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/benarkah-rasulullah-wafat-diracun.html">Benarkah Rasulullah Wafat Diracun?</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/6-peristiwa-penting-pada-bulan-rajab.html">Peristiwa Penting Apa yang Terjadi di Bulan Rajab?</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/04/20-situs-islam-terbaik-dan-terpercaya.html">Daftar Website Islam Terpercaya</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/01/perang-aceh-1873-1912.html">Perang Aceh</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/kronologis-singkat-perang-dunia-ii.html">Kronologis Perang Dunia II</a></p><p>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2015/10/3-september-1260-pertempuran-ain-jalut.html">Pertempuran Ain Jalut</a></p>Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-2103560886586591912020-08-07T12:00:00.034+07:002023-01-25T12:46:28.727+07:00Sejauh Mana Kamu Tahu Indonesia?<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHSagzYuFGJ3pHX9VbUovQidsP1KjeDAKZmH5ai7ocO5iXTJ4Wr6i7eJoca9wdh8AFewQKc5-aCWfBEmfmhAwSIz7yZv73o9kkiukWVCkXmYikV86f8qnz0aJ0CdMYlluJz4lpnzcdq0I/s626/indonesia.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1em 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHSagzYuFGJ3pHX9VbUovQidsP1KjeDAKZmH5ai7ocO5iXTJ4Wr6i7eJoca9wdh8AFewQKc5-aCWfBEmfmhAwSIz7yZv73o9kkiukWVCkXmYikV86f8qnz0aJ0CdMYlluJz4lpnzcdq0I/s0/indonesia.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sumber gambar</b>: Freepik.com<br /><b>Keterangan</b>: Para pemuda Indonesia </td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com">Adi Ingin Berbagi</a> - Indonesia adalah negara berkembang yang terletak di antara dua benua dan samudera yang menyebabkan Indonesia ikut mempengaruhi perkembangan budaya, ekonomi, teknologi, dan hubungan internasional.</div><div><br /></div><div>Sebagai negara Asia terpadat ke-3, Indonesia adalah rumah bagi lebih dari 270 juta orang dan suku Jawa adalah suku terbesar berdasarkan populasinya.</div><div><br /></div><div>Sejauh mana pengetahuan kamu mengenai Indonesia? Populasi Muslim terbesar? Kasus korupsi yang selalu tumbuh? Apa lagi?</div><div><br /></div><div>Berikut 5 hal yang harus kamu tahu tentang Indonesia.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #990000;"><b>1. Rentan perpecahan</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>Indonesia adalah negara yang sangat rentan akan terjadinya perpecahan dan konflik disebabkan perbedaan agama, suku, bahasa, kekuasaan, ideologi, dan lainnya.</div><div><br /></div><div>Perpecahan berdarah pernah merusak kehidupan Indonesia dari zaman kerajaan.</div><div>Misalnya, Kesultanan Mataram terpecah menjadi dua yaitu Kesultanan Jogjakarta dan Keraton Solo lewat Perjanjian Giyanti (13 Febryari 1755) karena pertikaian antara pihak Sunan Pakubuwono III dan Pangeran Mangkubumi yang dimanfaatkan VOC Belanda.</div><div><br /></div><div>Perbedaan ideologi di kalangan para tokoh nasional juga pernah membunuh banyak orang. Misalnya, Gerakan 30 September 1965 oleh para komunis yang membunuh para jenderal militer.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #990000;"><b>2. Pulau sengketa</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>Indonesia memiliki pulau terbanyak dengan jumlah 17.508. Jawa, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Bali, Sulawesi, dan Papua menyumbang populasi terbesar bagi negara terkuat di Asia Tenggara ini.</div><div><br /></div><div>Dari semua pulau, Indonesia pernah bersengketa dengan Malaysia mengenai Pulau Ligitan dan Pulau Sipadan di Selat Makassar.</div><div><br /></div><div>17 Desember 2002, kedua pulau tersebut diputuskan secara internasional sebagai milik Malaysia.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #990000;"><b>3. Penghasil tembaga</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>Tembaga adalah logam penghantar panas yang baik dan bermanfaat untuk kabel. Daerah penghasil tembaga terbesar di Indonesia berasal dari Papua. Ya Tambang Grasberg yang dikelola oleg Freeport merupakan pertambangan tembaga terbesar ketiga di dunia.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #990000;"><b>4. Nusantara</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>Nusantara adalah sebutan Gajah Mada untuk semua pulau di luar Jawa yang menjadi wilayah Kerajaan Majapahit. Istilah ini muncul di naskah Pararaton dan Nagarakretagama sekitar 700 tahun lalu.</div><div><br /></div><div>Nusantara merupakan nama lain Indonesia paling terkenal dan dianggap lebih tradisional. Dari kalangan bawah sampai presiden sering menyebut Nusantara sebagai kebanggaan menjadi warga negara Indonesia.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #990000;"><b>5. Cincin Api Pasifik</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>Sabuk Sirkum-Pasifik atau Cincin Api Pasifik adalah wilayah di kawasan Samudera Pasifik yang sering terjadi letusan gunung berapi dan gempa bumi.</div><div><br /></div><div>Indonesia yang masuk ke wilayah Cincin Api Pasifik sehingga negeri ini sering terjadi gempa bumi dan gunung meletus.</div><div><br /></div><div>Gempa bumi di Indonesia sering terjadi karena aktivitas tiga lempeng raksasa yaitu Lempeng Eurasia, Lempeng Indo-Australia, dan Lempeng Pasifik.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Sumber-sumber Referensi:</b></div><div><br /></div><div>✍️ https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Giyanti#:~:text=Perjanjian%20Giyanti%20adalah%20sebuah%20perjanjian,tidak%20ikut%20dalam%20perjanjian%20ini</div><div><br /></div><div>✍️ https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengketa_Sipadan_dan_Ligitan</div><div><br /></div><div>✍️ https://copperleluhur.com/daerah-penghasil-tembaga-terbesar-di-indonesia/</div><div><br /></div><div>✍️ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_of_Fire</div><div><br /></div><div>✍️ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara</div><div><br /></div><div>✍️ https://www.tripsavvy.com/facts-about-indonesia-3976800</div><div><br /></div><div>✍️ https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.asp</div><div><br /></div><div>✍️ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Baca juga:</b></div><div><br /></div><div>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/11/2-tokoh-militer-menjadi-presiden_16.html">2 Tokoh Militer menjadi Presiden Indonesia</a></div><div><br /></div><div>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/12/httpadi-ingin-berbagi.html">Bagaimana Mafia Berkeley Merugikan Indonesia?</a></div><div><br /></div><div>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/04/mereka-memperebutkan-indonesia.html">Mereka Memperebutkan Indonesia</a></div><div><br /></div><div>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/12/sultan-agung-sang-sultan-yang-teguh.html">Mengapa Kesultanan Mataram menjadi kuat era Sultan Agung?</a></div><div><br /></div><div>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/11-julukan-negara-indonesia.html">Daftar Julukan Indonesia</a></div><div><br /></div><div>👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/6-jasa-para-ulama-dalam-kemerdekaan.html">Jasa Apa yang Diberikan para Ulama selama Perang Kemerdekaan?</a></div>Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-89182891990717684562016-12-31T11:05:00.004+07:002021-05-10T15:15:10.965+07:006 Ciri Wahabi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif">Penulis : <a href="https://gantengue.blogspot.com/p/adi-selamet.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi Selamet</b></span></a></span></span><br /><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif">Diperbarui terakhir: Rabu, 24 Rajab 1441 H (18 Maret 2020)</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQbXwSsdMTK59R3JEd4o9dmpbJ21_XKe8eR9Vb7lj0p_InESA-qW2p0nIRiu52XToxcjU-mbfteQeiS4zE0CT7BSoMVaCOSyizXCvLrRIEn8cbLOGYfNSDkzxEwzrdIOp4yppsxEVY4w/s1600/wahabi+tukang+fitnah.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQbXwSsdMTK59R3JEd4o9dmpbJ21_XKe8eR9Vb7lj0p_InESA-qW2p0nIRiu52XToxcjU-mbfteQeiS4zE0CT7BSoMVaCOSyizXCvLrRIEn8cbLOGYfNSDkzxEwzrdIOp4yppsxEVY4w/s400/wahabi+tukang+fitnah.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"> Sumber Gambar : alkhoirot.com</span></span></div>
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com">Adi Ingin Berbagi</a> - Wahabi adalah para pengikut Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab at Tamimi an Najd (1701-1794) yang gemar mengaku paling taat beragama dengan slogan "Memurnikan Aqidah, Tegakkan Sunnah". Tapi dari awal kemunculannya, Kaum Wahabi justru suka mengkafirkan dan membunuh banyak Muslim.</span></span><br />
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Pada abad ke-18 dan 19 misalnya, mereka mengkafirkan dan membantai ribuan Muslim di Kota Suci Mekah dan Madinah, juga Jeddah dan Thaif. Mereka melakukan demikian berdasarkan kerjasama dengan Muhammad bin Saud si pendiri Dinasti Saud yang dibantu oleh Inggris.</span></span><br />
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Hal ini membuat Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah (1517-1924) berang dan membasmi mereka. Namun setelah Negara Islam terkuat ini runtuh karena Perang Dunia I (1914-1918), Kaum Wahabi dan Dinasti Saudi pimpinan Raja Abdul Aziz al Saud berkuasa di Semenanjung Arab atas restu Inggris.</span></span></div>
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Di zaman sekarang ini, Kaum Wahabi yang mendapat dana besar dari Kerajaan Arab Saudi tetap memperkeruh kehidupan Umat Islam. Di Timur Tengah dan Afrika juga Asia Selatan, Kaum Khswarij ini sukses mempersulit kehidupan Umat Islam dengan aksi terorisme mereka.</span></span><br />
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Di Indonesia, mereka gemar mempermasalahkan perbedaan madzab misalnya mempermasalahkan doa Qunut dalam Shalat Subuh.</span></span><br />
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Selain itu, mereka seenaknya menabur benih perpecahan dan fitnah agar Indonesia hancur seperti yang mereka lakukan terhadap Suriah, Libya, Afghanistan, Irak, dan lainnya. Jika tidak ada Wahabi atau minimal, Wahabi tak menyebarkan fitnah, tentu Israel sudah lama runtuh tak bersisa.</span></span><br />
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Untuk membersihkan namanya,Kaum Wahabi menamakan diri mereka sebagai Salafy atas saran Nashruddin Albani, ulama ahlul hadast.</span></span></div>
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Agar kita tahu Wahabi, maka saya share ciri-ciri mereka berdasarkan kitab para ulama Wahabi sendiri.</span></span><br />
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Setidaknya ada beberapa perkara atau ciri-ciri (atau bisa lebih) yang mana apabila terdapat pada diri seseorang maka tidak diragukan lagi sebagai pengikut Wahabi. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Berikut Wahabi.</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>1. Menyerupakan Allah dengan makhluk-Nya</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Bukan semua individu yang meninggalkan bacaan Qunut itu dikira sebagai Wahabi, tetapi siapa saja yang menyerupakan Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala dengan makhlukNya dan mensifatkanNya dengan anggota maka tidak diragukan lagi ia adalah Wahabi. (Lihat: Kitab <i>Tanbihat Fi Rad </i>‘<i>Ala Man Tawwala al-Sifaat</i>, Karangan Ibn Baz, terbitan Riasah ‘Ammah Lilifta’, Riyad, hlm 19).</span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>2. Hobi mengkafirkan dan membunuh sesama Muslim</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Bukan semua individu yang meninggalkan Shalat Sunnah Qabliyyah sebelum Jum’at itu dikira sebagai Wahabi, tetapi siapa saja yang mengkafirkan al-Asy’ariyyah dan al-Maturidiyyah serta menghalalkan darah mereka itu maka tidak diragukan lagi ia adalah Wahabi. (Lihat: Kitab Min Masyahir al-Mujaddidin Fi Islam, terbitan Riasah ‘Ammah Lilifta’, Riyadh, hlm 32. Kitab Fathul Majid karangan Abdul Rahman, terbitan Maktabah Darul Salam Riyadh, hlm 353. Kitab Manhaj Asya’irah fil Aqidah, karangan Dr Safar al-Hawali, hlm 5, 16 dan 29. Kitab Lal-Maturidiyyah Wamauqifuhum Minal Asma’ Wa Sifaat, karangan Syamsul Salafi al-Afghani, 10,11 dan 44. Kitab al-Tauhid, terbitan tahun 1423 H, hlm 66-67, dimana ulama Wahabi Soleh Fauzan al Wahhabi berkata: فهؤلاء المشركون هم سلف الجهمية والمعتزلة والأشاعرة “Maka golongan musyrik tersebut adalah salaf firqah al-Jahmiyyah, al-Muktazilah dan al-Asya’irah (Asy’ariyyah)”.</span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>3. Mengkafirkan Muslim yang bertawassul dengan Rasulullah</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Bukan semua individu yang tidak mengumandangkan adzan sebanyak 2 kali pada hari Jum’at itu dikira sebagai Wahabi, tetapi siapa saja yang mengkafirkan umat Islam yang bertawassul dengan Rasulullah Shollallohu ‘Alaihi wa Alihi wa Shohbihi wa Sallam dan menghalalkan darah serta harta mereka maka tidak diragukan lagi ia adalah Wahabi. (Lihat: Kitab al-Tauhid karangan Shaleh Fauzan, hlm 70).</span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>4. Menganggap Allah bergerak seperti makhluk</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Bukan semua individu yang meninggalkan majelis Tahlil (Tahlilan) kepada si mayyit itu dikira sebagai Wahabi, tetapi siapa saja yang mensifati Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala dengan duduk bersemayam, menetap, bergerak, dan berpindah-randah maka tidak diragukan lagi ia adalah Wahabi. (Lihat: Kitab Fathul Majid, karangan Abdul Rahman bin Hasan bin Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab, cetakan Darul Salam, Riyadh, hlm 356. Kitab Fatawa Aqidah, karangan Ibn al-Utsaimin, hlm 742).</span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>5. Mengkafirkan semua Muslim yang memakak mazhab</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Bukan semua individu yang mendakwa dan mendengungkan dia mengikut al-Quran dan as-Sunnah itu dikira sebagai Wahabi, tetapi siapa saja yang mengkafirkan orang yang mengikut mazhab-mazhab yang muktabar (seperti madzhab Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Malik, Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Hanbali), menghalalkan darah mereka serta menganggap taqlid kepada imam-imam mazhab itu adalah syirik maka tidak diragukan lagi ia adalah Wahabi. (Lihat: Kitab al-Din al-Khalish, karangan al-Qanuji, jilid 1 hlm 140 dikatakan: تقليد المذاهب من الشرك “Mengikut mazhab-mazhab yang muktabar adalah syirik”. Dengan ini, mereka telah mengkafirkan mayoritas umat Islam di seluruh dunia pada hari ini dan umat Islam sebelumya yang beramal dan bertaklid kepada mazhab-mazhab yang empat).</span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>6. Mengharamkan berziarah ke makam Rasulullah</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Bukan semua individu yang membayar zakat Fitrah dengan mengeluarkan bahan makanan seperti beras itu Wahabi, tetapi siapa saja yang melarang atau mengharamkan perjalanan dengan tujuan untuk menziarahi maqam Rasulullah Shollallohu ‘Alaihi wa Alihi wa Shohbihi wa Sallam itu maka tidak diragukan lagi ia adalah Wahabi. (Lihat: Kitab Tahqiq Wal Idhoh Likathir Min Masail al-Haj Wa al-‘Umrah, hlm 88, 89, 90,dan 98).</span></span><br />
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<span face="verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;">Bukan semua individu yang meninggalkan ucapan Sayyidina “سيدنا” ketika bersholawat kepada Nabi Muhammad Shollallohu ‘Alaihi wa Alihi wa Shohbihi wa Sallam itu dikira sebagai Wahabi, tetapi siapa saja yang mengharamkan majelis Maulid Nabi dan mengkafirkan pelakunya maka tidak diragukan lagi ia adalah Wahabi. (Llihat: Kitab al-Tauhid, karangan Shaleh bin Fauzan, Riyadh, hlm 166 dan 120).</span></span><br /></div>
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Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-582889213611366492015-10-08T11:17:00.020+07:002020-08-06T07:23:01.290+07:00 3 September 1260 : Pertempuran Ain Jalut<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Penulis : <a href="https://gantengue.blogspot.com/p/adi-selamet.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi Selamet</b></span></a></span></span><br /><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Diperbarui terakhir: Kamis, 16 Dzulhijjah 1441 H (6 Agustus 2020)</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLhYmW0iEpaiHC6MvEk5ZOFlZvNO6zLzmFxV-Qz6fiC73VaKIIGFRklrmBRdhnh7kjGR5-UIlIXizvW6L7cBMw-u3na91KJgieMFrhn0WCKq1gxUWVQ5PQcNbtmmInbebC3h9yoSWsh-g/s1600/mongol+vs+mamluk.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="479" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLhYmW0iEpaiHC6MvEk5ZOFlZvNO6zLzmFxV-Qz6fiC73VaKIIGFRklrmBRdhnh7kjGR5-UIlIXizvW6L7cBMw-u3na91KJgieMFrhn0WCKq1gxUWVQ5PQcNbtmmInbebC3h9yoSWsh-g/s640/mongol+vs+mamluk.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"> Sumber gambar : muslimsincalgary.ca</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Keterangan : Tentara Mamluk vs tentara Mongolia</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com">Adi Ingin Berbagi</a> - <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Mongolia </span></b>(1206-1368)
didirikan oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Genghis Khan</span></b>
(memerintah 1206-1227) untuk mewujudkan kerajaan dunia di bawah pemerintahan
Bangsa Mongolia.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cucunya, <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Mongke Khan </span></b>(memerintah
1251-1259) berusaha keras agar cita-cita mereka berhasil diwujudkan dengan
menghalalkan segala cara.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebelum wafat, ia mengangkat adiknya, <b><span style="color: red;">Hulagu Khan</span></b> (memerintah 1256-1265) untuk
melanjutkan usaha mereka. Satu per satu, dinasti dan kerajaan Islam seperti <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kerajaan Khwarezmi </span></b>(1077-1231) di
Turkmenistan, Asia Tengah dihancurkan.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Karena berpecah belah dan ketidakpeduliaan para penguasa, pasukan
Mongolia yang sangat kejam membunuh siapapun dan menghancurkan apapun. Ketika
kabar tentang pasukan Mongolia sampai di Persia (sekarang Iran), para penguasa
tetap bermusuhan dan apatis.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan
Abbasiyah</span></b> dengan ibukotanya, Baghdad di Irak dihancurkan termasuk <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Baitul Hikmah</span></b>, perpustakaan raksasa yang mampu
menampung jutaan buku dalam <b><span style="color: red;">Pengepungan Baghdad</span></b>
(29 Januari-10 Februari 1258).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jutaan Muslim dibunuh termasuk <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Khalifah al Musta'syim </span></b>(memerintah 1242-1258)
oleh 400 ribu tentara Mongolia pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar
Hulagu Khan</span></b>, 12 ribu kavaleri dan 40 ribu infantri <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Kilikia Armenia</span></b> (1198-1375), 10.000 tentara Cina dan 15 ribu tentara Kerajaan Georgia (1008-1490). Semua Umat
Kristen selamat karena istri <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Hulagu Khan</span></b>,
<b><span style="color: red;">Doquz Khatun </span></b>seorang Kristen yang taat
dan sangat membenci Umat Islam.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah sukses menghancurkan dan membunuh jutaan Muslim di
Asia Tengah termasuk Suriah, Irak, dan Iran, dengan sombong, <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Hulagu Khan </span></b>mengirim 12 utusan agar <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Mamluk </span></b>(1250-1517) di Mesir tunduk
pada bangsa Mongolia karena hanya 1 kerajaan Islam yang masih berdiri di Timur
Tengah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mereka membawa surat dari <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Hulagu Khan</span></b>
yang berbunyi :</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"Dari Raja segala raja dari Timur dan Barat, Khan Agung.
Untuk <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Qutuz</span></b> dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Mamluk</span></b> yang melarikan diri untuk menghindari
pedang kami. Anda harus berpikir tentang apa yang telah terjadi pada
negeri-negeri lain dan kirimkan kepada kami. Anda telah mendengar bagaimana
kami telah menaklukan kerajaan yang luas dan memurnikan bumi dari gangguan yang
tercemar itu. Kami telah menaklukan wilayah luas, membantai semua orang. Anda
tidak bisa lepas dari teror tentara kami. Kemana Anda dapat melarikan diri ?
Apa jalan yang akan Anda gunakan untuk melarikan diri dari kami ? Kuda-kuda
kami yang cepat, panah yang tajam, pedang kami seperti petir, hati kami sekeras
pegunungan, tentara kami banyak seperti pasir. Benteng tidak akan menahan kami,
atau menghentikan tentara kami. Doa Anda kepada Allah tidak akan bermanfaat
melawan kami. Kami tidak tersentuh oleh air mata atau tersentuh oleh ratapan.
Hanya mereka yang mengemis perlindungan kami akan aman. Cepatlah Anda menjawab
sebelum api peperangan menyala. Melawan dan Anda akan menderita bencana yang
paling mengerikan. Kami akan menghancurkan Masjid-masjid Anda dan mengungkap
kelemahan Tuhan Anda dan kemudiakan akan membunuh anak-anak dan orangtua Anda
bersama-sama. Saat ini Anda adalah satu-satunya musuh terhadap kami harus
berbaris".</span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Saifuddin Qutuz</span></b>
(memerintah 1259-1260) memerintahkan 6 utusan Mongolia dibunuh dan kepala
mereka digantung di <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Bab Zuweila</span></b>,
gerbang Kota Kairo sebagai jawaban untuk melawan dan mengusir pasukan Mongolia
dari dunia Islam.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Peristiwa ini membuat <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar
Hulagu Khan</span></b> sangat murka dan mengirim 200 ribu tentara Mongol
terbaik dan paling kejam pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Kitbuqa Noyan</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Raja <b><span style="color: red;">Georgia David VII</span></b> (memerintah
1247-1270) dan <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Kilikia Armenia </span></b>(1198-1375)
pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Raja Hethem I</span></b> (memerintah
1226-1270) atas perintah <b><span style="color: red;">Paus Alexander IV</span></b>
(memerintah 12 Desember<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1254-25 Mei
1261) mengirim 50 ribu tentara mereka membantu 200 ribu tentara Mongolia
pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Kitbuqa Noyan</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah mendengar pasukan Mongolia dan sekutu mereka yang
begitu banyak dan manghancurkan Damaskus di Suriah, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan
Saifuddin Qutuz </span></b>bersekutu dengan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Baibars</span></b>
setelah bermusyawarah dengan para Ulama.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Daripada Mesir hancur total, 20 ribu
tentara <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Mamluk </span></b>dipimpin
oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Saifuddin Qutuz</span></b> dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Baibars</span></b> ke Palestina menghadapi pasukan
Mongolia yang dibantu oleh sekutu mereka.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan
Saifuddin Qutuz </span></b>membagi pasukan Mamluk menjadi 2 yaitu pasukan yang
sedikit pimpinan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Baibars </span></b>sebagai
umpan agar pasukan Mongolia dan sekutu mereka mengejar pasukan Mamluk, dan
pasukan Mamluk yang lebih besar dipimpin oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan
Saifuddin Qutuz </span></b>ada di dataran tinggi untuk menyergap mereka.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah umpan berhasil, pasukan Mamluk yang dipimpin oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Saifuddin Qutuz</span></b> muncul tiba-tiba dan
mengelilingi pasukan Mongolia dan sekutu mereka membentuk formasi mirip bulan
sabit.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ketika melihat sayap kiri pasukan Mamluk kewalahan, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Saifuddin Qutuz </span></b>membuang helm
pertempurannya dengan berteriak, "Allahu Akbar ! Oh Islam saya !"
sehingga pasukan Mamluk semakin bertambah semangat berjihad di jalan Allah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk pertama kalinya di dunia, meriam tangan atau midfa digunakan oleh pasukan
Mamluk dan taktik Kesultanan Mamluk sangat ampuh dalam <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pertempuran Ain Jalut </span></b>(3 September 1260).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah mendengar kekalahan pasukan Mongolia dan sekutunya yang sangat besar, <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Hulagu Khan</span></b> memenggal seorang pangeran
keturunan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Shalahuddin al Ayyubi </span></b>(memerintah
1174-1193) di Damaskus.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Meski merasa paling kuat di dunia, <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Mongolia </span></b>tidak mampu membalas kekalahan yang sangat
memalukan bagi mereka.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb; font-weight: bold;">Raja Berke </span>(memerintah
1257-1266) dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Horde Emas </span></b>(1240-1502),
cucu <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Genghis Khan</span></b> sangat marah dan
sedih karena jutaan Muslim dibunuh oleh pasukan Mamluk dan sekutu mereka yang
dipimpin oleh sepupu sendiri, <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Hulagu Khan</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Raja Berke </span></b>berkata, "Dia (<b><span style="color: red;">Hulagu Khan</span></b>) telah menghancurkan semua kota Islam
dan membunuh Khalifah (<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">al Musta'syim</span></b>).
Dengan bantuan Allah, aku akan panggil dia untuk menjelaskan begitu banyak
darah yang tidak bersalah".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perkataan ini dicatat oleh sejarawan Muslim
dari Iran, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Rasyidin Hamadi </span></b>(1247-1318)
dalam bukunya berjudul, "<i>Jami al Tawarikh</i>" yang hidup di wilayah <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Ilkhanate</span></b> (1256-1335/1353) era <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Raja Mahmud Ghazan </span></b>(memerintah 1295-1304).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Raja Berke</span></b> mencegah <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Hulagu Khan</span></b> untuk menyerang <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Mamluk </span></b>lagi dengan mengalahkan pasukan Mongolia pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Hulagu Khan</span></b> dalam <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Perang Berke-Hulagu </span></b>(1262) di Pegunungan
Kaukasus, timur Khurasan.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Saifuddin
Qutuz<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>wafat pada 24 Oktober
1260, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Baibars</span></b> (1223-1277)
menggantikannya sebagai Sultan Mamluk di Mesir pada 24 Oktober 1260-1 Juli
1277).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pertempuran Ain Jalut di </span></b>Palestina
yang terjadi pada 25 Ramadhan 658 Hijriyah adalah pertempuran pertama yang dimenangkan oleh Umat Islam melawan <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Mongolia</span></b> yang menginspirasi perlawanan
Umat Islam terhadap bangsa Mongolia yang sangat kejam dan tidak manusiawi.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pertempuran ini adalah pertempuran pertama yang menggunakan meriam tangan
sebagai senjata. Jika berjuang karena Allah Ta'ala, Umat Islam akan menang dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Mamluk</span></b> pimpinan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Saifuddin Qutuz </span></b>telah membuktikannya.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.nenavizan.com/2018/02/pdf-3-september-1260-pertempuran-ain.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>DOWNLOAD ARTIKEL INI DALAM BENTUK EBOOK </b></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber-sumber Refensi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">✍️ <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Jalut">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Jalut</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">✍️ <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutuz">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutuz</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">✍️ <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibars">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibars</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">✍️ <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulagu_Khan">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulagu_Khan</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">✍️ <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berke">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berke</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">Baca juga:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2015/05/29-mei-1453-konstantinopel-ditaklukan.html">Kejatuhan Konstantinopel yang Disukai Semua Muslim</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2015/01/20-oktober-1827-pertempuran-navarino.html">Pertempuran Navarino</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/01/perang-aceh-1873-1912.html">Bagaimana Perang Aceh Mengubah Sejarah?</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/10/sejarah-islam-di-hongaria.html">Sejarah Islam di Hongaria</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/kronologis-singkat-perang-dunia-ii.html">Mengapa Perang Dunia II Mengubah Sejarah Indonesia?</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/11-julukan-negara-indonesia.html">Apa Julukan Terbaik untuk Indonesia?</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/12/sultan-agung-sang-sultan-yang-teguh.html">Bagaimana Pemerintahan Sultan Agung di Mataram?</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/3-tokoh-pencetus-anti-islam-di-eropa.html">3 Tokoh Pencetus Anti Islam di Eropa</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/04/2-kerajaan-terkuat-di-dunia-pun-jatuh.html">2 Kerajaan Terhebat yang Ditaklukan Umat Islam</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/04/bangsa-arab-inggris-dan-pengkhianatan.html">Bangsa Arab, Inggris, dan Pengkhianatan</a></div>
</div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-45156071733977616982015-06-18T12:08:00.015+07:002023-01-26T10:34:17.412+07:00Bulan Suci Ramadhan, Bulan Penuh BerkahAdi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-80296050003557905702015-05-30T10:43:00.001+07:002020-04-01T17:51:22.612+07:0029 Mei 1453 : Konstantinopel ditaklukan Umat Islam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penulis : <a href="https://gantengue.blogspot.com/p/adi-selamet.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi Selamet</b></span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ditulis : 29 Mei 2015 (10 Sya'ban 1436 H)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diterbitkan : 30 Mei 2015 (11 Sya'ban 1436 H)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Diperbarui terakhir: 18 Maret 2020 (24 Rajab 1441 H)</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTxRbNNqPtPogdIrSY0Zn2Sh7T1lwYShYsZ7w_pdqiOJP-Ug6z3-I2clrVHgZs8sdcv6I-opPE0HLI-jjvHiwh_i2pStICMI01gWNen7ndVJMwCCzK703dbOGcV9naaSOuHnY7lPfAjz8/s1600/konstantinopel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="167" data-original-width="301" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTxRbNNqPtPogdIrSY0Zn2Sh7T1lwYShYsZ7w_pdqiOJP-Ug6z3-I2clrVHgZs8sdcv6I-opPE0HLI-jjvHiwh_i2pStICMI01gWNen7ndVJMwCCzK703dbOGcV9naaSOuHnY7lPfAjz8/s640/konstantinopel.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sumber gambar : realmofhistory.com</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Keterangan : Kota Konstantinopel</span></span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Rasulullah
Shallallahu'alaihi wa Sallam </span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">bersabda, "Kota Konstantinopel akan jatuh ke tangan
Islam. Pemimpin yang menaklukannya adalah sebaik-baik pemimpin dan pasukan yang
berada di bawah komandonya adalah sebaik-baik pasukan" [HR. Ahmad bin
Hanbal al Musnad 4/335].</span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b>
adalah sebuah kota terbesar di <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Republik Turki </span></b>yang
pernah menjadi ibukota <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur </span></b>(330-1204,
1261-1453) selama 1066 tahun yang memeluk Kristen Ortodoks, <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran</span></b> <b><span style="color: red;">Latin</span></b>
(1204-1261) selama 57 tahun yang memeluk Katolik Roma, dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>(1299-1923) atau <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekaisaran Ottoman </span></b>selama 469 tahun.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Setelah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kerajaan Islam</span></b>
yang berstatus sebagai <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan</span></b>
(1517-1924) ini berakhir akibat dikalahkan Sekutu (Inggris dan Perancis) dalam <b><span style="color: red;">Perang Dunia I</span></b> (1914-1918), nama <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b><span style="color: #00b050;"> </span>diubah
menjadi "<b><span style="color: #00b050;">Istanbul</span></b>" pada 1930
oleh pemerintahan <b><span style="color: red;">Presiden Mustafa Kemal Ataturk</span></b>
(memerintah 1923-1938). Kota ini berada di antara 2 benua yaitu Asia dan Eropa
sehingga sangat dikagumi oleh bangsa-bangsa manapun dan menjadi <b><span style="color: #00b050;">kota bandar perdagangan terbesar di Eropa </span></b>selama
ratusan tahun.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Bagaimana
sejarah Konstantinopel </span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">??</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pada abad ke-7 SM, <b><span style="color: red;">orang-orang Yunani </span></b>pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Byzas </span></b>membangun sebuah kota yang diberi nama
"<b><span style="color: red;">Bizantium</span></b>" untuk menghormati
pemimpin mereka. Wilayah yang sangat luas dan terkuat di Eropa juga dihuni oleh
orang-orang beda bahasa. Maka <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi </span></b>(27
SM-476, 330-1204, 1261-1453) dibagi menjadi 2 oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar
Diocletian </span></b>(memerintah 284-305) yaitu <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran
Romawi Barat </span></b>(27 SM-476) beribukota <b><span style="color: red;">Roma</span></b>,
Italia tapi diruntuhkan pada abad ke-5 oleh orang-orang Jerman dan <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur </span></b>(330-1204, 1261-1453)
beribukota <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b>, Turki.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Konstantinus Agung </span></b>(memerintah 306-337)
membangun <b><span style="color: red;">Kota Bizantium </span></b>pada 324 dan
selesai pada 11 Mei 330 sehingga <b><span style="color: red;">Kota Bizantium </span></b>disebut
<b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span><span style="color: #004dbb;">
</span></b>yang berarti <b><span style="color: red;">Kota Konstantinus </span></b>yang
terkenal sebagai <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Kota </span><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pertahanan terkuat </span></b>di dunia pada waktu itu dan
dijuluki "<b><span style="color: #00b050;">Roma Baru</span></b>".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Kota ini pernah dikepung oleh 9 bangsa
sebanyak 20 kali tapi cuma 2 bangsa yang berhasil yaitu <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Persia</span></b> lewat <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran
Sassaniyah</span></b> (224-651) era <b><span style="color: red;">kaisar
Shahrbaraz </span></b>(memerintah 27/4/629-17/6/629), <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Avar </span></b>lewat <b><span style="color: red;">Avar
Khaganate </span></b>(567-804), dan <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Slavia</span></b>
yang bersatu dan mengepung kota ini pada Juni-Juli 629 tapi <b><span style="color: #9b00d3;">gagal</span></b><span style="color: #9b00d3;"> </span>padahal
pasukan <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur </span></b>pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Heraklius</span></b> (memerintah 610-641) dikalahkan
oleh pasukan <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Sassaniyah </span></b>pimpinan
<b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Khosrau II </span></b>(memerintah 597-627)
dalam <b><span style="color: red;">Perang Persia-Romawi</span></b> (92 SM - 629)
atau<b><span style="color: red;"> Perang Sassaniyah-Romawi Timur </span></b>(602-628).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kerajaan Umayyah </span></b>(662-750)
berbangsa<b><span style="color: #00b050;"> Arab </span></b>mengepung
Konstantinopel pada 674-678 era <span style="color: #004dbb;"><b>Raja</b></span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">
Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan </span></b>(memerintah 662-680) dan pada 717-718 era <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz </span></b>(memerintah
717-720) tapi <b><span style="color: #9b00d3;">gagal</span><span style="color: red;"> </span></b>juga dalam <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Perang
Arab-Romawi Timur </span></b>(629-1050) karena <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran
Romawi Timur </span></b>punya <b><span style="color: red;">Api Yunani </span></b>dan
dibantu oleh 50 ribu tentara <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Bulgaria I </span></b>(681-1018)
pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Khan Tervel </span></b>sehingga <b><span style="color: red;">Khan Tervel </span></b>dijuluki sebagai "Sang Penyelamat
Eropa" oleh orang-orang Eropa sezamannya.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Bangsa-bangsa selanjutnya yang
mengepung Konstantinopel tapi berujung <b><span style="color: #9b00d3;">gagal </span></b>adalah
<b><span style="color: red;">Bulgaria</span></b> pada abad ke-8 dan 13 dalam <b><span style="color: red;">Perang Bizantium-Bulgaria </span></b>(680-1355), <b><span style="color: red;">Rus </span></b>pada abad ke-9 dan 10 dalam <b><span style="color: red;">Perang Bizantium-Rus</span></b> (830-1043) dan <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Turki</span></b> pada abad ke-14 dan 15. Kota ini hanya
bisa ditaklukan oleh <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Latin </span></b>dari Eropa
yang memeluk <b><span style="color: red;">Katolik Roma </span></b>pada 1204 dalam
<b><span style="color: red;">Perang Salib ke-4 </span></b>(1202-1204) dan <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Turki</span></b> yang dipimpin oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Muhammad al Fatih </span></b>(memerintah
1451-1481) pada Selasa, 29 Mei 1453 setelah pengepungan dimulai pada Jum'at, 6
April 1453.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Mengapa
Kota Konstantinopel sering diserang dan dikepung oleh banyak bangsa </span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">??? Karena :</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">1. Konstantinopel adalah ibukota dan kota terbesar bagi <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur </span></b>dan kerajaan <b><span style="color: red;">Kristen </span></b>ini sering berperang melawan negara-negara
lain untuk memperluas atau mempertahankan wilayah kekuasaan mereka.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
mengakhiri sebuah negara maka ibukota negara tersebut harus ditaklukan sehingga
negara penakluk semakin disegani dan ditakuti oleh negara-negara lain.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Konstantinopel itu termasuk Kota Benua antara Asia dan
Eropa sehingga menjadi pusat interaksi antara 2 benua selama ribuan tahun</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">3. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Kota bandar rempah-rempah terbesar di Eropa selama
ratusan tahun sehingga jika kota ini direbut maka negara penakluk dapat
mengontrol jalur perdagangan rempah-rempah di Eropa sehingga menambah pemasukan
bagi negara penakluk.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">4. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Kota terbesar di dunia pada abad ke-3, 5, 6, 7, 11, dan
12 berdasarkan jumlah penduduk, pusat ekonomi, seni dan budaya khususnya di
dekat <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Laut Mediterania Timur </span></b>yang
hanya dapat disaingi oleh<b><span style="color: #00b050;"> Ctesipon </span></b>di
Iran yang menjadi ibukota <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Sassaniyah </span></b>(224-651)
pada abad ke-6 dan 7; <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Baghdad </span></b>di Irak
yang menjadi ibukota <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah </span></b>(750-1258)
pada abad ke-8, 9, 10, 11, dan 12; <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Cordoba</span></b>
di Spanyol yang menjadi ibukota <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan
Cordoba </span></b>(929-1031) pada abad ke-10 dan 11; <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Fez</span></b> di Maroko yang menjadi ibukota <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Maroko </span></b>(775-1965) pada abad ke-12; <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Kairo</span></b> di Mesir yang menjadi ibukota <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Mamluk </span></b>(1250-1517) pada abad ke-14
dan 15; <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Agra</span></b> pada 1637 dan <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Delhi</span></b> pada 1675 di India yang menjadi ibukota <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Mughal </span></b>(1526-1857) dan beberapa
kota di <b><span style="color: red;">Cina</span></b> dan Turkmenistan.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">5. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Motif agama menjadi pendorong semangat untuk menaklukan</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Di <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b>, ada sebuah gereja
terbesar dan termewah bagi <b><span style="color: red;">Kristen Ortodoks </span></b>yaitu
<b><span style="color: #00b050;">Hagia Sophia</span></b> (Aya Sophia) sesuai
arsitektur Romawi dan Yunani dibangun pada abad ke-5 yang diubah menjadi <b><span style="color: red;">Katedral Katolik Roma</span></b> (1204-1261) oleh Pasukan
Salib, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Masjid </span></b>(1453-1931) dan
sekarang hanya sebuah Museum di Republik Turki sejak 1 Februari 1935.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Saat <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Perang al Ahzab</span></b>, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Nabi
Muhammad Shallallahu'alaihi wa Sallam </span></b>pernah bersabda bahwa<span style="color: #00b050;"> <b>Konstantinopel </b></span>hanya dapat ditaklukan oleh
sebaik-baik pemimpin dan sebaik-baik pasukan sehingga sejak abad ke-8, Pasukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Islam</span></b> sering mengepung kota ini tapi berujung <b><span style="color: red;">gagal</span></b> kecuali pada tahun 1453, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Utsmaniyah </span></b>(1299-1923) berhasil
mewujudkannya.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Mengapa
Kota Konstantinopel mampu bertahan padahal sering diserang dan dikepung oleh
banyak bangsa yang berkuatan besar </span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">??? Karena kota ini punya pertahanan yang sangat kuat. <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Bagaimana bisa </span></b>???</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pada abad ke-19, Perancis memaksa agar Sultan Abdul Majid I (memerintah 1839-1861)
menjadikan Masjid Hagia Sophia menjadi
Katedral Katolik Roma lagi sebagaimana
pada abad ke-13 dan Kekaisaran Rusia
(1721-1917) ingin menjadikannya sebagai Gereja
Kristen Ortodoks Rusia sehingga terjadi Perang
Krimea (1853-1856) yang melemahkan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Hagia Sophia sendiri
berukuran dengan panjang 82 meter (269 kaki), lebar 73 meter (240 kaki) dan
tinggi 55 meter (180 kaki).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Di zaman <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Konstantinopel
Agung </span></b>(memerintah 306-337), dinding pertama atau dinding terluar
dibangun. Lalu <b><span style="color: red;">Dinding Theodosius </span></b>dibangun
sepanjang 2 km (1.2 mil) setinggi 12 meter dengan tebal 8 meter era <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Theodosius II </span></b>(memerintah 408-450). Kota
ini lemah jika diserang dari daratan sehingga para Kaisar membangun tembok
tebal yang mengelilingi kota.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Kota ini dibangun di atas 7 bukit sekitar Tanduk Emas dan
Laut Marmara juga <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur</span></b>
memasang rantai raksasa yang mampu menghalangi kapal-kapal musuh berbagai
ukuran yang mencoba menaklukan kota ini.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Mengapa
Kota Konstantinopel bisa ditaklukan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>?</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">1. </span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Kekalahan Romawi Timur dalam <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pertempuran
Manzikert</span></b> (26 Agustus 1071) di Turki</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">30 ribu tentara <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Turki Seljuk </span></b>(1037-1294) dipimpin <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Alp Arslan </span></b>(memerintah 1063-1072)
mengalahkan 70 ribu tentara <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur </span></b>yang
dipimpin <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Romanos IV Diogenes </span></b>(memerintah
1068-1071) sehingga Anatolia di Turki dan Armenia jatuh ke tangan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Turki Seljuk </span></b>juga Kaisar sendiri ditawan
selama 1 minggu.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">S</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">elama itu pula dia sangat terkejut dengan keramahan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">orang-orang Islam </span></b>yang digambarkan brutal oleh
para pendeta di <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel </span></b>dan
Kaisar sendiri digulingkan, matanya dibutakan dan dibuang ke Pulau Proti, Turki
oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Dinasti Doukas </span></b>dan dinasti ini
mengangkat <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Michael VII </span></b>(memerintah
1071-1078) yang membuat <b><span style="color: red;">Romawi Timur </span></b>makin
lemah karena dia dijadikan sebagai boneka oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Dinasti
Doukas </span></b>dan tidak peduli dengan kelemahan kerajaannya.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Perang ini tak
akan terjadi jika <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Romanos IV Diogenes </span></b>tidak
mengkhianati perjanjian damai pada tahun 1069 antara dirinya dengan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Alp Arslan</span></b> karena Sultan bersama
pasukannya ingin meruntuhkan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan
Fatimiyah</span></b> (907-1171) di Kairo, Mesir</span></span></span></span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Perang ini sungguh melemahkan
kekuatan militer <b><span style="color: red;">Romawi Timur</span></b> sehingga <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Alexios I Komnenus </span></b>(memerintah 1081-1118)
minta agar <b><span style="color: red;">Paus Urbanus II </span></b>(memerintah
1088-1099) mengirimkan bantuan dari Eropa untuk mengembalikan seluruh wilayah <b><span style="color: red;">Romawi Timur </span></b>yang ditaklukan berbagai <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kerajaan Islam</span></b> sehingga pecah <b><span style="color: red;">Perang Salib </span></b>(1095-1091) selama 2 abad yang
berpusat di Palestina, Turki, Armenia, Tunisia, Mesir dan sekitarnya.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2. Penjarahan Kontantinopel </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: red; line-height: 115%;">Perang Salib IV</span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"> (1202-1204)</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">200
ribu <b><span style="color: red;">tentara Salib</span></b> dipimpin <b><span style="color: red;">Raja Jerman Philip dari Swabi </span></b>(memerintah
1198-1208) menyerang <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b>
dan membantai ratusan ribu penduduknya juga menghancurkan 20 gereja dan 13
biara termasuk <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Katedral Hagia Sophia </span></b>diubah
menjadi <b><span style="color: red;">Katedral Katolik Roma </span></b>selama
setengah abad lebih.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Alexios IV Angelos</span></b>
(memerintah 1203-1204) dan keluarganya pun mendirikan <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Nicea </span></b>(1204-1261) padahal <b><span style="color: red;">Pasukan Salib </span></b>diundang pada abad ke-11 oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur </span></b>untuk mengembalikan
wilayah mereka yang direbut <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Seljuk</span></b>.
Sebelumnya, <b><span style="color: red;">Raja Jerman Philip dari Swabi</span></b>
menikahi <b><span style="color: red;">Irene</span></b>, putri bangsawan <b><span style="color: red;">Romawi Timur </span></b>sedangkan <b><span style="color: red;">Pasukan
Salib</span></b> mendirikan <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Latin </span></b>(1204-1261)
dengan ibukota <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Meski <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Alexios Strategopoulos </span></b>dari <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Nicea</span></b> yang dikuasai <b><span style="color: red;">Dinasti Palailogos </span></b>(1259-1453) berhasil mengusir <b><span style="color: red;">Pasukan Salib</span></b>, tapi <b><span style="color: red;">Romawi
Timur</span></b> semakin lemah dan hanya puluhan ribu orang yang menghuni <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">3. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Allah Ta'ala</span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"> berkehendak bahwa
kota ini dapat ditaklukan oleh<b><span style="color: #004dbb;"> Umat Islam </span></b>karena
keimanan sehingga kabar dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Nabi Muhammad
Shallallahu'alaihi wa Sallam </span></b>terbukti benar dan beliau bukan
pendusta.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">4. Jasa Orban</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Orban dari Rumania </span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">menawarkan jasa
pembuatan meriam terhebat untuk mengembalikan kejayaan <b><span style="color: red;">Romawi Timur </span></b>tapi <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar
Konstantinus XI Palailogos </span></b>menolak mentah-mentah karena tidak punya
dana dan bahan untuk membuatnya. Lalu <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Orban </span></b>menawarkannya
ke <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Muhammad al Fatih </span></b>dan sang
Sultan membayarnya 3 kali lebih mahal dibandingkan harga jasa yang ditawarkan
juga melindungi keluarga <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Orban</span></b> dan
teman-temannya karena ia punya dana yang besar dan mesiu yang sangat banyak
melebihi negara-negara lain.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Meriam Raksasa
Turki </span></b>yang disebut juga "<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Meriam
Dardanella</span></b>" dan "<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Meriam
Sahi</span></b>" dibuat selama 3 bulan oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Orban</span></b>
dan teman-temannya. Berat meriam ini adalah 16.8 ton yang dapat ditarik oleh 60
sapi dan 200 tentara <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Utsmaniyah </span></b>juga
mampu melempar peluru berdiameter 63 cm sejauh 2 km.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sebelum menyerang, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Muhammad al Fatih</span></b> (memerintah
1451-1481) mengirim surat agar <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Konstantinus
XI Palailogos</span></b> (memerintah 1449-1453) menyerahkan <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Kota Konstantinopel</span></b> dan Sultan menjamin tidak
ada 1 orang pun yang dibunuh.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Tapi sang Kaisar menolak mentah-mentah dan meminta
bantuan Eropa yang tunduk pada <b><span style="color: red;">Gereja Katolik Roma </span></b>untuk
menyerang <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2S8XA4GtDgSbhniPhAdv02iPtGAIlY_wDdHTXm6QtN3PjAImAjuDYcraA9E8jONHUgt5JcQsZLm0JmG83UPYoZ_UhERiMYo2x3VM9JU87aIIgWsLUyOfGR7chbNMeBjON3jbek5bKURw/s1600/mehmed+ii.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="261" data-original-width="193" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2S8XA4GtDgSbhniPhAdv02iPtGAIlY_wDdHTXm6QtN3PjAImAjuDYcraA9E8jONHUgt5JcQsZLm0JmG83UPYoZ_UhERiMYo2x3VM9JU87aIIgWsLUyOfGR7chbNMeBjON3jbek5bKURw/s640/mehmed+ii.jpg" width="473" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> Sumber gambar : en.wikipedia.org</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan : Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Muhammad al Fatih </span></b>bersama
gurunya, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Syaikh Aaq Syamsuddin </span></b>didampingi
2 penasehatnya yaitu <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Halil Pasha </span></b>dan
Wazir Agung <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Zagan Pasha</span></b>/<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Zaghanos Pasha</span></b> (memerintah 1453-1456) memimpin
pasukan untuk mengepung dimulai Jum'at, 6 April 1453 sehingga 7000 tentara <b><span style="color: red;">Republik Genoa</span></b> (1005-1798) dipimpin <b><span style="color: red;">Giovanni Giustiniani Longo</span></b> (1418-1453), 2000
tentara <b><span style="color: red;">Republik Venesia </span></b>(697-1797)
dipimpin <b><span style="color: red;">Girolamo Minotto</span></b>, dan 3000
tentara dari <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Sisilia </span></b>(1130-1816)
dan <b><span style="color: red;">Kepausan Serikat</span></b> (754-1798) bergerak
untuk membantu <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur</span></b>.
600 tentara <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Utsmaniyah </span></b>dipimpin
<b><span style="color: red;">Pangeran Orhan Celebi </span></b>(1412-1453)
membelot dan membela <b><span style="color: red;">Romawi Timur</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pasukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Utsmaniyah </span></b>dibagi 3 yaitu (1) <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pasukan
Artileri </span></b>dari arah barat bertugas membobol benteng 2 lapis (2) <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pasukan Anatolia </span></b>yang mengepung kota dan (3) <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Janissary</span></b> atau <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Yenicheri</span></b>,
pasukan elit pertama di dunia yang berada paling depan.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Laksamana Sulaiman Baltoghlu </span></b>bersama
pasukannya dikalahkan di Laut Marmara sehingga <b><span style="color: red;">Angkatan
Laut Genoa</span></b>, <b><span style="color: red;">Sisilia</span></b>, <b><span style="color: red;">Venesia</span></b>, dan <b><span style="color: red;">Kepausan
Serikat </span></b>bisa membantu <b><span style="color: red;">Romawi Timur</span></b>.
Parit dengan lebar 7 meter yang mengelilingi <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b>
mampu menahan serangan Pasukan<b><span style="color: #004dbb;"> Utsmaniyah</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Selama berminggu-minggu, kota tak
kunjung ditaklukan membuat para penasehat Sultan kehilangan harapan sehingga
pada 28 Mei 1453, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Muhammad al Fatih </span></b>menghentikan
serangan dan memimpin pasukan untuk <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Shalat
Tahajud </span></b>bersama sambil menceritakan keutamaan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Jihad</span></b> dan kemuliaan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Syuhada</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Salah satu kelemahan pertahanan <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel</span></b> adalah Teluk Tanduk Emas
(Golden Horn) yang dipasang rantai besar. 80 kapal perang<b><span style="color: #004dbb;"> Utsmaniyah </span></b>ditarik dari Tanduk Emas
melawati Bukit Galata yang tinggi dalam waktu semalam.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Panglima <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sipahi </span></b>(kavaleri) yaitu <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ulubatli Hasan </span></b>bertubuh tinggi dan 30 temannya
berusaha keras untuk mengibarkan bendera <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Turki
Utsmaniyah </span></b>tapi hanya dia dan 12 temannya yang sampai di atas
benteng.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Meski dihujani batu, 27 anak panah menempel di tubuhnya, tombak dan
peluru melukai tubuhnya tapi ia berhasil mengibarkan bendera <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Utsmaniyah</span></b> sehingga Pasukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Utsmaniyah </span></b>semakin semangat dan pasukan<b><span style="color: red;"> Romawi Timur </span></b>semakin kehilangan harapan.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pagi
Selasa, 29 Mei 1453, <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel </span></b>jatuh
ke tangan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Umat Islam</span></b> dan mengakhiri <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi Timur </span></b>atau <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Bizantium </span></b>yang berdiri selama 1000
tahun lebih.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel
</span></b>menjadi kota terbesar di dunia selama ratusan tahun setelahnya
khususnya pada tahun 1600 era <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Muhammad
III </span></b>(memerintah 1595-1603) meski diguncang gempa beberapa kali pada
10 September 1509 dan 45 hari sesudahnya yang membunuh ribuan penduduk termasuk
beberapa anggota keluarga kerajaaan, ribuan bangunan rusak parah termasuk <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Masjid Bayezid II</span></b>, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Masjid
al Fatih </span></b>dan beberapa gereja.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Turki Utsmaniyah </span></b>(1299-1923) menjadi negara terkuat di dunia pada
masa <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Sulaiman al Qanuni</span></b>
(memerintah 1520-1566) hingga melemah akibat dikalahkan ratusan ribu tentara
Salib dari seluruh Eropa khususnya dari <b><span style="color: red;">Polandia-Lithuania
</span></b>(1569-1795) dipimpin <b><span style="color: red;">Raja John III
Sobieski </span></b>(memerintah 1674-1696) dalam <b><span style="color: red;">Perang
Turki Besar </span></b>(1683-1699) karena puluhan ribu tentara <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Turki Utsmaniyah </span></b>dipimpin <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Wazir Agung Kara Mustafa Pasha </span></b>(memerintah
1676-1683) dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Dinasti Koprolu</span></b>
(1656-1703) berbangsa Albania era <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan
Muhammad IV </span></b>(memerintah 1648-1687) dibantu pasukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Crimean Khanate</span></b> (1449-1783) dipimpin <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Murad Giray </span></b>(memerintah 1678-1683) mengepung Kota
Wina, Austria yang menjadi ibukota <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Romawi
Suci </span></b>(962-1806) era <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar Leopold</span></b>
<b><span style="color: red;">I</span></b> (memerintah 1658-1705) dalam <b><span style="color: red;">Pertempuran Wina</span></b>, September 1683.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Nama <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel
</span></b>diubah menjadi "<b><span style="color: #00b050;">Istanbul</span></b>"
pada 1930 atau 1600 tahun setelah dibangun oleh Kaisar <b><span style="color: red;">Konstantinus Agung</span></b> seluas 5343 km persegi (2063
mil persegi) menjadi kota terbesar di Turki, ke-6 di dunia, dan tetap menjadi
Kota 2 Benua (Asia dan Eropa) yang menyimpan sejarah pusat <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">peradaban Islam </span></b>pada Abad Pertengahan juga menjadi Kota Kebudayaan Eropa pada 2010.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">562
tahun setelah <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Konstantinopel </span></b>ditaklukan
oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Umat Islam</span></b>, saya menulis kisah
ini di blog <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Adi Ingin Berbagi</span></b>. Semoga
kita bisa mengambil hikmahnya.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sumber-sumber referensi :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusaders</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_0f_Manzikert</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquests</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sieges_of_Constantinople</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_population</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiHistory_of_Istanbul</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1509_Constantinople_earthquake</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_throughtout_history</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriam_Raksasa_Turki</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejatuhan_Konstantinopel</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orban</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UlubatlI_Hasan</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Turkish_War</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibukota_Kebudayaan_Eropa</span></span></span></div>
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Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-53377610745468055302015-04-23T11:16:00.018+07:002020-08-02T11:25:03.185+07:0010 Ayat al Qur'an tentang Laut<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Penulis : <span style="color: blue;"><b><a href="https://gantengue.blogspot.com/p/adi-selamet.html">Adi Selamet</a></b></span></span></span><br /><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Diperbarui terakhir: Ahad, 12 Dzulhijjah 1441 H (2 Agustus 2020)</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga_3MgJzBROwqf_4kSeKYlUMEh8u4axEUTsfcyWWr7ajNaXjyDx2xfO8uCSSWfb92PHA3DMb1Rc4w82vhoc8B83upzyk-mnd9nBFQeSx_hO2emv3QG_QtISBcqU2PwiLKy2Shg6KVBkmk/s1600/laut.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="284" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga_3MgJzBROwqf_4kSeKYlUMEh8u4axEUTsfcyWWr7ajNaXjyDx2xfO8uCSSWfb92PHA3DMb1Rc4w82vhoc8B83upzyk-mnd9nBFQeSx_hO2emv3QG_QtISBcqU2PwiLKy2Shg6KVBkmk/s400/laut.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Sumber gambar : pinterest.com</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Keterangan : Laut yang indah</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> <a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com">Adi Ingin Berbagi</a> </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;"> </span></b>- Laut adalah kumpulan air asin yang sangat banyak dan sangat luas
di permukaan bumi yang menghubungkan antar benua dan pulau termasuk antar
negara. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan para ilmuan menyebutkan bahwa laut
itu campuran 96.5% air murni dan sisanya berupa garam-garaman, gas-gas
terlarut, dan lain sebagainya. <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Indonesia </span></b>merupakan
negara yang mempunyai garis pantai terpanjang di dunia karena 2/3 wilayahnya
berupa lautan.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Negara yang dihuni <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">mayoritas
Muslim</span></b> ini berada di antara 2 samudera yaitu <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Samudera Hindia</span></b> dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Samudera Pasifik</span></b>, juga di antara 2 benua yaitu <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Benua Asia </span></b>dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Australia</span></b>
membuat negara ini adalah negara yang paling banyak kandungan lautnya di dunia
sehingga <b><span style="color: red;">AS</span></b>, <b><span style="color: red;">Australia</span></b>,
<b><span style="color: red;">Cina</span></b>, dan <b><span style="color: red;">Inggris
</span></b>pernah menawarkan diri untuk "menjaga" wilayah perairan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Indonesia</span></b>.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dalam <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">al
Qur'an</span></b>, banyak ayat yang membahas tentang laut tapi saya hanya
menyebutkan 10 ayat. Berikut 10 ayat dan terjemahannya:</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Allah Ta'ala
berfirman,</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">إن فى خلق السموت والأرض واختلف اليل والنهارولفلك التى
تجرى فى البحر بما ينفع النس ومآأنزل الله من السمآء من مآءفأحيا به الأرض
بعدموتها وبث فيها من كل دابة وتصريف الريح والسحاب المسخر بين السمآءوالأرض لأيت
لقوم يعقلون</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">"Sesungguhnya dalam penciptaan
langit dan bumi, silih bergantinya malam dan siang, bahtera yang berlayar di
laut membawa apa yang berguna bagi manusia, dan apa yang Allah turunkan dari
langit berupa air, lalu dengan air itu Dia sebarkan di bumi itu segala jenis
hewan dan pengisaran angin dan awan yang dikendalikan antara langit dan bumi;
sungguh (terdapat) tanda-tanda (keesaan dan kebesaran Allah) bagi kaum yang
memikirkan" [QS. Al Baqarah (2) : 164]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">ومن
ءايته الجوارفى البحركاالأعلم</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">"Dan di
antara tanda-tanda kekuasaan-Nya adalah kapal-kapal di tengah (berlayar) di
laut seperti gunung-gunung" [QS. Asy Syura (42) : 32]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">وله الجوارالمنشئات في البحركا الأعلم</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">"Dan kepunyaan-Nya bahtera-bahtera
yang tinggi layarnya di lautan laksana gunung-gunung" [QS. Ar Rahman (55)
: 24]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">الله
الذى خلق السموت والأرض وأنزل من السمآءمآءفأخرج به من الثمرت رزقالكم <b><sup>صى</sup></b>
وسخرلكم الفلك لتجرى فى البهربأمره <b><sup>صى</sup></b> وسخرلكم الأنهر</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">"Allah yang
telah menciptakan langit dan bumi dan menurunkan air hujan dari langit,
kemudian Dia mengeluarkan dengan air hujan itu berbagai buah-buahan menjadi
rezeki untukmu, dan Dia telah menundukkan bahtera bagimu supaya bahtera itu
berlayar di lautan dengan kehendak-Nya, dan Dia telah menundukkan (pula)
sungai-sungai untukmu" [QS. Ibrahim (14) : 32]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">ألم ترأن الله سخرلكم ما فى الأرض ولفلك تجرى فى
البحربأمرويمسك السمأءأن تقع على الأرض ألا بإذنه ج إن لله بالناس لرءوف رحيم</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">"Apakah kamu
tidak melihat bahwasannya Allah menundukkan bagimu apa yang ada di bumi dan
bahtera yang berlayar di lautan dengan perintah-Nya. dan Dia menahan
(benda-benda) langit agar tak jatuh ke bumi melainkan dengan izin-Nya. Sesungguhnya
Allah Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang kepada manusia"</span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"> [QS. Al Hajj (22) :
65]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">ربكم الذى يزجى لكم الفلك فى البحر لتبتغوا من فضله <b><sup>ج</sup></b>
إنه كان بكم رحيما</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">"Tuhanmu
melayarkan kapal-kapal di lautan untukmu agar kamu mencari sebahagian dari
karunia-Nya. Sesungguhnya Dia Maha Penyayang terhadapmu" [QS. Al Isra (17)
:66]</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">الله الذى سخرلكم البحرلتجرى الفلك فيه بأمره ولتبتغوامن
فضله ولعلكم تشكرون</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">"Allah
menundukkan lautan untukmu supaya kapal-kapal dapat berlayar padanya dengan
seizin-Nya dan supaya kamu dapat mencari karunia-Nya dan mudah-mudahan kamu
bersyukur" [QS. Al Jatsiyah (45) : 12]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">وهوالذى سخرلبحرلتأكلوامنه لحماطرياوتستخرجوامنه حلية
تلبسونها وترى الفلك مواخرفيه ولتبتغوامن فضله ولعكم تشكرون</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">"Dan Dia
menundukkan lautan agar kamu dapat memakan daging segar (ikan) darinya</span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">, dan kamu
mengeluarkan dari lautan itu perhiasan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>yang kamu pakai, dan kamu melihat bahtera berlayar padanya, dan supaya
kamu mencari (keuntungan) dari karunia-Nya, dan supaya kamu bersyukur"
[QS. An Nahl (16) : 14]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">قل لوكان البحرمدادالكلمت ربى لنفدالبحرقبل أن تنفدكلمت ربى
ولوجعنابمسله مددا</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">"katakanlah,
Jika lautan menjadi tinta untuk (menulis) kalimat-kalimat Tuhanku, sungguh habislah lautan itu sebelum habis (ditulis) kalimat-kalimat Tuhanku meski Kami
datangkan tambahan sebanyak itu (pula) " [QS. Al Kahfi (18) : 109]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">ولو أنما فى الأرض من شجرة أقلم ولبحريمده من بعده سبعة
أبحرمانفدت كلمت الله ج إن الله عزيزحكيم</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">"Dan
seandainya pohon-pohon di bumi menjadi pena dan laut (menjadi tinta)
ditambahkan padanya 7 laut (lagi) sesudah keringnya niscaya tak akan habis
dituliskan kalimat Allah. Sesunguhnya Allah Maha Perkasa lagi Maha
Bijaksana" [QS. Luqman (31) : 27]</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">ألم ترأن الفك تجرى فى ا لبحر بنعمت الله ليركم من ءايته <b><sup>ج</sup></b>
إن فى ذلك لأيت لكل صبارشكور</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Tidakkah kamu
perhatikan bahwa sesungguhnya kapal itu berlayar di laut dengan nikmat Allah, supaya
diperlihatkan-Nya kepadamu sebahagian dari tanda-tanda-Nya. Sesungguhnya pada
yang demikian itu benar-benar terdapat tanda-tanda bagi orang yang sabar lagi
banyak bersyukur" [QS. Luqman (31) : 31]</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><font face="verdana, sans-serif" size="4"><br /></font></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><font face="verdana, sans-serif" size="4"><b>Lalu, bagaimana sejarah Angkatan Laut Islam?</b><br /></font>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tahukah Anda? <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Angkatan Laut dalam Islam </span></b>pertama kali
dibangun oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Khalifah Utsman bin Affan رضي الله عنه </span></b>(memerintah 644-656) pada tahun<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>650 M dengan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Abdullah
bin Sa'ad bin Abu al Sarrah </span></b>(gubernur Mesir) sebagai <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">admiral
pertama </span></b>dalam <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">sejarah Islam </span></b>untuk
melindungi Mesir, Syam (Suriah, Lebanon, Israel, Palestina, Yordania), dan
Tunisia dari serangan <b><span style="color: red;">Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran
Romawi Timur </span></b>atau <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Bizantium </span></b>(330-1453)
yang terkenal kuat.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">500 kapal perang <b><span style="color: red;">Angkatan Laut
Kekaisaran Romawi Timur </span></b>pimpinan <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar
Constans II </span></b>(memerintah 641-668) dikalahkan 200 kapal perang <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Islam</span></b> pimpinan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Abdullah
bin Sa'ad bin Abu al Sarrah </span></b>dalam <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pertempuran
Tiang </span></b>di laut Phoenice (sekarang Finike), Republik Turki.
Pertempuran ini menjadi awal kemenangan bagi <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Angkatan
Laut Islam </span></b>dalam catatan sejarah.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dengan Angkatan Laut yang kuat,
pasukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah </span></b>pimpinan
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Muhammad al Fatih </span></b>(memerintah
1451-1481) berhasil menaklukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Konstantinopel </span></b>sekaligus
mengakhiri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran
Bizantium </span></b>yang dipimpin oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Kaisar
Constantine XI Palaiologos</span></b> (memerintah 1449-1453).</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Kekaisaran lintas benua itu berakhir pada Selasa, 29
Mei 1453 meski<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran Bizantium </span></b>dibantu <b><span style="color: red;">Angkatan Laut Republik Genoa </span></b>(1005-1797), <b><span style="color: red;">Republik Venesia</span></b> (697-1797), <b><span style="color: red;">Republik sisilia </span></b>(1130-1816) dan <b><span style="color: red;">Negara-negara Kepausan </span></b>atau <b><span style="color: red;">Kepausan Serikat </span></b>(754-1798). Sekarang, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Konstantinopel </span></b>dikenal dengan nama <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Istanbul </span></b>yang menjadi kota terbesar dan
terpadat di <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Republik Turki</span></b>.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Hampir semua <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kerajaan Islam di Indonesia </span></b>menjadikan
pelabuhan sebagai ibukota seperti <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Malaka</span></b> di dekat <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Selat Malaka </span></b>era
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Mahmud Syah</span></b> (memerintah
1488-1511) yang dihancurkan <b><span style="color: red;">pasukan Portugal </span></b>pimpinan
<b><span style="color: red;">Alfonso d'Albuquerque</span></b> pada Agustus 1511
menjadi jalan masuknya imperialisme dan kolonialisme selama ratusan tahun di <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Indonesia</span></b>.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Samudera Pasai</span></b> yang dibangun <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Nazimuddin
al Kamil </span></b>dengan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Marahsilu </span></b>sebagai
sultan pertama bergelar <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Malik al Saleh </span></b>(memerintah
1290-1297), <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Aceh Darussalam </span></b>(1496-1903)
yang dibangun oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ali Mughayat Syah </span></b>beribukota
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kotaraja </span></b>atau <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Koetaraja </span></b>(sekarang <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Banda Aceh</span></b>) dengan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Malahayati
</span></b>(<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Malahayati</span></b>) sebagai <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">laksamana wanita pertama di dunia</span></b>, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Cirebon </span></b>yang dibangun <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sunan Gunung Jati </span></b>atau <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Syaikh Syarif Hidayatullah</span></b>, seorang keturunan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Nabi Muhammad صل الله عليه و سلم</span></b>, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Banten </span></b>(1527-1687) beribukota <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Surosowan</span></b>, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Makassar </span></b>dan sejumlah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kerajaan Islam </span></b>lainnya.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Melemahnya <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Angkatan
Laut </span></b>yang dimiliki<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kerajaan-kerajaan Islam </span></b>membuat mereka
kesulitan untuk melindungi wilayah mereka dari serangan <b><span style="color: red;">Angkatan Laut Negara-negara asal Eropa</span></b> yang
membawa misi 3 G yaitu Gospel (menyebarkan Kristen), Glory (harum di tanah
jajahan) dan Gold (mendapatkan kekayaan berlimpah).</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Contohnya,<b><span style="color: #004dbb;"> Angkatan Laut Mesir </span></b>dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah</span></b> pimpinan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ibrahim Pasha </span></b>dikalahkan Angkatan Laut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: red;">Sekutu</span></b>
(Inggris, Perancis, dan Kekaisaran Rusia) dalam <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pertempuran
Navarino </span></b>pada 20 Oktober 1827.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Kekalahan ini membuat <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan
Mahmud II </span></b>(memerintah 1808-1839) menyetujui <b><span style="color: red;">Yunani</span></b> merdeka melalui <b><span style="color: red;">Perjanjian
Konstantinopel </span></b>dengan berdirinya <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan
Yunani </span></b>(1832-1924) dan direbutnya <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Aljazair</span></b>
di <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Afrika Utara</span></b> oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Perancis</span></b> pada 1830 hingga <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Aljazair</span></b> merdeka pada 1964 meski 10% lebih
penduduknya dibantai <b><span style="color: red;">pasukan Perancis</span></b>.
Atas jasa para pemimpin <b><span style="color: red;">Islam</span></b> seperti <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Khalifah Utsman bin Affan رضي الله عنه<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>yang membangun Angkatan Laut, <b><span style="color: red;">Islam</span></b> menyebar ke seluruh dunia termasuk di<b><span style="color: #004dbb;"> Indonesia</span></b>.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Sumber-sumber
referensi :</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finike</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constans_II_(Byzantine_Empire</span>)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://islamstory.com/en/node/41435</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Baca juga :</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/04/2-kerajaan-terkuat-di-dunia-pun-jatuh.html">2 Kerajaan Terkuat Jatuh ke Tangan Islam</a></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/10/sejarah-islam-di-hongaria.html">Bagaimana Islam Bisa Masuk ke Hongaria?</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/benarkah-rasulullah-wafat-diracun.html">Benarkah Rasulullah Wafat Diracun?</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/6-peristiwa-penting-pada-bulan-rajab.html">Peristiwa Penting Apa yang Terjadi di Bulan Rajab?</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/12/11-ciri-ciri-khas-dalam-al-quran.html">11 Ciri Unik Alquran</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/01/10-sunnah-rasul-yang-jarang-dikerjakan.html">Inikah Sunnah Nabi yang Jarang Dikerjakan Umat Islam?</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/sejarah-perjuangan-sarekat-islam.html">Sejarah Perjuangan Sarekat Islam</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/01/3-agama-yang-dapat-mempengaruhi-dunia.html">3 Agama Paling Berpengaruh di Dunia</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/07/masjid-ini-bekas-bangunan-klub-malam.html">Masjid Ini Bekas Klub Malam</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2015/01/20-oktober-1827-pertempuran-navarino.html">Kapan Pertempuran Navarino Terjadi?</a></span></span></div>
</div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-81873846368919986182015-01-10T12:57:00.004+07:002020-09-13T07:24:21.690+07:0020 Oktober 1827 : Pertempuran Navarino<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Diperbarui terakhir</b>: Minggu, 25 Muharram 1442 (13 September 2020)</span></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyui5WRwbD3UZ4KfuViCyzqQ-HPcpnFhBwyJOgGvukby7feGWQ1p-JiCMltq7IJl4SaVCulrBwLECLxIYhTDbiuxr4pJznBh6smDon1EyCXmra0mHhDF5Iz2HAFJazAJ0sGq1TjNw5-7g/s1600/pertempuran+navarino.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="152" data-original-width="220" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyui5WRwbD3UZ4KfuViCyzqQ-HPcpnFhBwyJOgGvukby7feGWQ1p-JiCMltq7IJl4SaVCulrBwLECLxIYhTDbiuxr4pJznBh6smDon1EyCXmra0mHhDF5Iz2HAFJazAJ0sGq1TjNw5-7g/s400/pertempuran+navarino.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sumber gambar</b>: En.wikipedia.org<br /><b>Keterangan</b>: Ilustrasi Pertempuran Navarino</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com" target="_blank">Adi Ingin Berbagi</a> - Yunani mulai ditaklukan oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b> (1299-1923) pada
akhir abad ke-15 sejak dipimpin oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan
Muhammad al Fatih</span></b> (1451-1481).</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Selama Yunani dikuasai, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>sangat toleran
kepada Umat Non Muslim seperti Gereja Ortodoks di Konstantinopel (Istanbul,
Turki) dipimpin oleh Pendeta Kristen Ortodoks dari Yunani, orang-orang Kristen
Ortodoks mendapat hak-hak politik sebagai anggota birokrasi kerajaan (mungkin
setara dengan DPR di Indonesia), orang-orang Yunani mendapat kebijakan luar
negeri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan jaminan beribadah bagi Umat
beragama di seluruh wilayah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b> tanpa terkecuali.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Utsmaniyah </span></b>berada di puncak kejayaan pada abad ke-15, 16, dan
17 sejak <b><span style="color: #004dbb;"><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.co.id/2015/05/29-mei-1453-konstantinopel-ditaklukan.html">Kota Konstantinopel ditaklukan pada 29Mei 1453</a> </span></b>hingga gagal mengepung Kota Wina (Austria), ibukota
Kekaisaran Romawi Suci (962-1806) pada 1683. Kerajaan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Islam</span></b> ini pula yang menjadi kekuatan utama
yang dianggap sebagai ancaman oleh Kerajaan-kerajaan Eropa yang tunduk kepada
Paus di Roma.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pasca <b><span style="color: red;">Perang
Napoleon </span></b>(1803-1814) yang disebabkan oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Napoleon Bonaparte </span></b>dengan menyerang Negara-negara Eropa dan
berdampak pada seluruh wilayah jajahan Negara-negara Eropa seperti Belanda di
Indonesia, Spanyol dan Portugis di Amerika Selatan, Inggris di Amerika Utara,
dan Kekaisaran Rusia (1721-1917) di Asia Tengah dan Semenanjung Balkan,
organisasi rahasia di Yunani bernama <b><span style="color: red;">Filiki Eteria</span></b>
berdiri pada 1814 bertujuan membebaskan Yunani dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Utsmaniyah </span></b>dengan membentuk pemerintahan <b><span style="color: red;">Republik Hellenic</span></b> (1822-1832) di Peloponnese,
Danubian Principalities, dan Konstantinopel.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuCWO-jL_UpwLctstXyYJW5EUFQM4PJtqLEc0iKrGi371mx3kLhidt8rUvXYoVKLmd6MHCXuq9HxB6oH7YMqL78LDSiYt-rGKPlYr0_nc3BP3_tK-Le1-6_eyCTsqUTowwMzsvQoTx7Uk/s1600/ottoman+navy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="285" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuCWO-jL_UpwLctstXyYJW5EUFQM4PJtqLEc0iKrGi371mx3kLhidt8rUvXYoVKLmd6MHCXuq9HxB6oH7YMqL78LDSiYt-rGKPlYr0_nc3BP3_tK-Le1-6_eyCTsqUTowwMzsvQoTx7Uk/s400/ottoman+navy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> Sumber gambar : alchetron.com</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan : Armada Ottoman</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">6 Maret 1821, Yunani mulai memberontak
dan mudah dipadamkan oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b>. Pemberontakan semakin luas di seluruh Yunani yang
berpusat di Peloponnese, Laut Aegea dan Semenanjung Balkan dianggap sebagai
kesempatan emas oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Inggris</span></b>, <b><span style="color: red;">Perancis</span></b>, dan <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran
Rusia </span></b>yang ingin menghancurkan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>sejak lama.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Banyak media liberal di Eropa khususnya
di <b><span style="color: red;">Perancis</span></b> yang menyebarkan berita palsu
bahwa <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b>
bertindak kejam kepada Umat Kristen di seluruh wilayah yang dikuasainya membuat
penduduk di <b><span style="color: red;">Inggris</span></b> dan <b><span style="color: red;">Perancis</span></b> memaksa pemerintah mereka untuk membantu
Yunani merdeka dari Turki. <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ibrahim Pasha </span></b>putra
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muhammad Ali Pasha </span></b>(gubernur Mesir,
1805-1849) dicap sebagai "<b><span style="color: red;">Le Sanguinare</span></b>"
(<i>the Bloodthirstyone</i>) membuktikan pengaruh media liberal sangat besar bagi
kebijakan luar negeri Eropa.</span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Alasan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: red;">Inggris</span></b>,
<b><span style="color: red;">Perancis</span></b>, dan <b><span style="color: red;">Kekaisaran
Rusia </span></b>mendukung Yunani merdeka dari Turki :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">1. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sejak ratusan tahun silam, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Utsmaniyah </span></b>dianggap sebagai ancaman utama yang melindungi Umat
Islam dari serangan Negara-negara Eropa. Periode ini sering disebut sebagai <b><span style="color: red;">Perang Salib </span></b>di Eropa antara kekuatan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Islam</span></b> yang diwakilkan oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>dan kekuatan
Kristen yang melibatkan seluruh Negara di Eropa padahal ini bukan perang antar
agama tapi perang antar kerajaan yang berbeda agama.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Inggris menganggap India bisa dibebaskan oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>karena <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>punya pangkalan
militer di Teluk Persia dan Yaman</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">3. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Perancis mengincar Aljazair dan Afrika Utara yang
diperintah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;">4. Kekaisaran Rusia era</span> <span style="color: red;"><b>Kaisar Nicholai I</b></span> <span style="color: black;">(memerintah 1825-1855) ingin
berkuasa penuh di Semenanjung Balkan dan Laut Hitam, wilayah yang pernah
dikuasai </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="color: black;">dengan
mengorbarkan</span> <span style="color: red;"><b>Perang Rusia-Turki 1828-1829</b></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">5. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Dan pastinya, mayoritas penduduk Yunani memeluk Kristen</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;">Angkatan laut </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b><span style="color: black;">dipimpin langsung
oleh</span> <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ibrahim Pasha</span></b> <span style="color: black;">bersama beberapa
laksamana bertemu dengan Angkatan Laut </span><b><span style="color: red;">Inggris</span></b>
<span style="color: black;">(Royal Navy) dipimpin oleh </span><b><span style="color: red;">Edward Codrington</span></b><span style="color: black;">,
Angkatan Laut</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: red;">Perancis </span></b><span style="color: black;">(<i>Marinir Royale de France</i>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dipimpin oleh </span><b><span style="color: red;">Henri
de Rigny</span></b><span style="color: black;">, dan Angkatan Laut</span> <b><span style="color: red;">Rusia</span></b>
<span style="color: black;">(<i>Imperal Navy</i>) dipimpin oleh</span> <b><span style="color: red;">Lodenijk Heyden </span></b><span style="color: black;">di
</span><b><span style="color: red;">Navarino</span></b> <span style="color: black;">(sekarang, Pylos) di pantai
barat Peloponnese, Laut Ionia, Yunani, dan </span><b><span style="color: red;">pertempuran
yang mengerikan pun</span></b> t<span style="color: black;">erjadi pada 20 Oktober 1827.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Perang di laut ini
dimenangkan oleh Angkatan Laut Inggris, Perancis, dan Kekaisaran Rusia
menyebabkan Yunani merdeka.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Akibat Pertempuran
Navarino</span></b> :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">1. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Aljazair dijajah oleh Perancis pada 1830-1964</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;">Yunani merdeka dari </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b><span style="color: black;">pada 1832 dan Kerajaan Yunani (1832-1924) berdiri
yang dilindungi oleh Kekaisaran Rusia karena Kristen Ortodoks sebagai agama
resmi di wilayah mereka</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">3. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;">Penurunan kontrol oleh</span> <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b><span style="color: black;">di seluruh wilayah yang dikuasainya di seberang
lautan karena Angkatan Laut kerajaan ini telah lemah meski pernah punya Angkatan
Laut terkuat ke-3 di dunia era</span> <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Abdul Aziz</span></b>
<span style="color: black;">(memerintah 1861-1876) dengan 21 kapal perang besar dan 173 jenis kapal perang termasuk
kapal selam pertama di dunia setelah Inggris, dan Perancis tapi keadaan
politik, sosial, dan ekonomi tak mendukung.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;">4.</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;">Akhir Oktober 1832, Angkatan laut </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b><span style="color: black;">meninggalkan
Peloponnese</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">5. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Sultan Mahmud II</span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black;">(memerintah 1808-1839)
mengutamakan pengembangan kekuatan Angkatan laut </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b> <span style="color: black;">yang kuat dan modern. 1828, kapal-kapal uap pertama
diperoleh dan pada 1829, kapal perang terbesar di dunia berukuran 201 X 56
kadem (1 kadem = 37.887 cm) atau berukuran 76.15 meter X 22.22 meter (249.8 ft
X 69.6 ft)</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">10 Fakta tentang
Pertempuran </span>Navarino dan Pemberontakan Yunani</span> </b><span style="color: black;">(6 Maret 1821-21 Juli 1832) :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;">1. Suatu pertempuran
skala besar terakhir dalam sejarah Angkatan Laut </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Utsmaniyah</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2. Perang laut besar
terakhir dalam sejarah yang menggunakan kapal layar</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">3. <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b> gagal
memordenisasi angkatan militer dan industri, lembaga-lembaga politik, sistem
ekonomi, dan pastinya, kurang memahami ajaran Islam membuat pasukannya bisa
dikalahkan dengan mudah oleh Negara-negara Eropa khususnya di lautan.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">4. Inggris menjadi
negara yang punya angkatan laut terkuat di dunia pasca Perang Napoleon
(1803-1814) membuat Perancis mendukung Inggris untuk mencampuri urusan Yunani
dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>sedangkan Kekaisaran Rusia
memanfaatkannya untuk merebut Laut Hitam dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan
Utsmaniyah</span></b></span></span> </span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">5. Untuk pertama
kalinya, media liberal sangat mempengaruhi kebijakan luar negeri negara-negara
Eropa padahal Gereja Katolik mendominasi kehidupan Umat Kristen di Eropa sejak
ratusan tahun silam. Bahkan, Gereja berhak dan berkuasa untuk mengangkat atau
menurunkan para raja atas nama Yesus Kristus. Contoh : Kekaisaran Romawi Suci
(967-1806) adalah sebuah kekaisaran yang sangat dipengaruhi berbagai kebijakan
Gereka Katolik.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">6. <b><span style="color: red;">George Canning</span></b> sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri Inggris
(1822-1827) dan Perdana Menteri Inggris (April-Agustus 1827) menjadi arsitek
Perjanjian London (6 juli 1827) dan meluncurkan intervensi Eropa dalam konflik
Yunani</span></span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">7. <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ibrahim Pasha</span></b> mengatakan kepada ayahnya, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muhammad Ali Pasha</span></b> bahwa pasukannya mampu
mengalahkan armada gabungan 3 negara Eropa (Inggris, Perancis, dan Rusia) tapi
sang ayah tidak mengizinkan anaknya untuk menggunakan armada modern mahalnya
karena pernah tenggelam</span></span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">8. <b><span style="color: red;">Protokol London</span></b> (1830) membuat Sekutu (Inggris,
Perancis, dan Rusia) memaksa <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Turki
Utsmaniyah</span></b> untuk mundur dari Yunani dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan
Mahmud II </span></b>menyetujui Yunani merdeka sesuai <b><span style="color: #00b050;">Perjanjian Konstantinopel </span></b>(1832)</span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">9. Meski dianggap gagal untuk memadamkan <b><span style="color: red;">Pemberontakan Yunani</span></b>,
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ibrahim Pasha </span></b>menjadi gubernur di
Provinsi Syam (Palestina, Suriah, dan Lebanon), Hijaz, dan Kepulauan Crete tapi
terjadi <b><span style="color: red;">Pemberontakan Arab-Palestina </span></b>(1834)</span></span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">10. Memang Yunani
merdeka tapi orang-orang Yunani yang tinggal di wilayah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>dibiarkan hidup
tanpa dikurangi hak-hak mereka khususnya di Thessaly, Epirus, bagian Makedonia,
Thrace, dan Kepulauan Aegae.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Setelah berhasil merdeka dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah </span></b>pada 21 Juli 1832,
Otto mendirikan Kerajaan Yunani (1832-1924) dan sebagai raja pertamanya
(1832-1862) atas dukungan Inggris, Perancis, dan Kekaisaran Rusia melalui
Protokol London (30 Agustus 1832) dan diakui merdeka oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</span></b> melalui <b><span style="color: red;">Perjanjian Konstantinopel </span></b>(Juli 1832). Biasanya,
Gereja Katolik akan melibatkan diri dalam peperangan di Eropa tapi sejak
pengaruh sekuler dan liberal sangat kuat di sebagian besar negara-negara Eropa
membuat Gereja tidak punya pengaruh apapun kecuali hanya dalam urusan agama.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sumber-sumber
Referensi :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Revolt</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Navarino</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Navy</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"></span></div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-46185691839841762682014-11-16T12:09:00.007+07:002023-01-26T10:01:04.864+07:002 Tokoh Militer Menjadi Presiden IndonesiaAdi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-47429126200366580852014-11-13T11:30:00.002+07:002020-03-18T05:18:13.047+07:00Ganjaran Bagi Pengkhianat<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Penulis : <a href="https://gantengue.blogspot.com/p/adi-selamet.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi Selamet</b></span></a></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Terbit : 13 November 2014</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Diperbarui terakhir: Rabu, 24 Rajab 1441 H (18 Maret 2020)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4NZhdVcxzzKGlraIPrCSrhApb_DrMDYJ5mk7hvnLCLuxLH5aPLIL5ocUEWA3sFSiHjGS-6UOQmkbYEL04j-kiZx-N1eseVE7UK4GpNdnuUPqwfM2RHPllpoHkZnUR4y2_XqDm5iLihm8/s1600/paus+urbanus+ii.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="279" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4NZhdVcxzzKGlraIPrCSrhApb_DrMDYJ5mk7hvnLCLuxLH5aPLIL5ocUEWA3sFSiHjGS-6UOQmkbYEL04j-kiZx-N1eseVE7UK4GpNdnuUPqwfM2RHPllpoHkZnUR4y2_XqDm5iLihm8/s400/paus+urbanus+ii.jpg" width="372" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> Sumber gambar : britannica.com</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Keterangan : Konsili Clermont, Paus Urbanus II berkotbah dan terdengar teriakan "<i>Deus Vult!</i>" (Tuhan menghendaki)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Ketika terjadi Perang Salib III
(1187-1191), pasukan Salib pimpinan Raja dari Inggris, Richard si Hati Singa
yang sangat kejam menyerbu tanah Arab sedangkan pasukan Islam dipimpin oleh
Sultan Shalahuddin al Ayyubi era Khalifah an-Nashir (1180-1225)
dari Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah (750-1258) di Baghdad.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Dalam suatu penyerbuan yang licik, beberapa
tentara Islam terjebak. Semua tentara Islam terbunuh kecuali 3 orang. Mereka ditangkap
dan dihadapkan kepada Richard si Hati Singa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Kalian akan dihukum mati
!", teriak sang raja tapi 3 tentara Islam hanya diam seperti tidak gentar
menghadapi gertakan itu. Dua dari mereka berusia separuh umur, dan seorang lagi
masih terlihat muda. "Tinggal pilih, kalian ingin mati dengan cara
bagaimana ? Digantung, disalib, atau dipancung !", kata sang raja lagi.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGcJjTX5GOhHe2SV9kpIlX6nSunt57L2CaZRIScEmGtUyqELzsbc2mp01JVjETWqAexoZv2n1RCJctlYZ2dycS6Zm78WgKpCyd1UuJUFHkvlemYvJiaaUstOjMKJMT0TfJrLxXOgp2BpE/s1600/sultan+saladin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="175" data-original-width="287" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGcJjTX5GOhHe2SV9kpIlX6nSunt57L2CaZRIScEmGtUyqELzsbc2mp01JVjETWqAexoZv2n1RCJctlYZ2dycS6Zm78WgKpCyd1UuJUFHkvlemYvJiaaUstOjMKJMT0TfJrLxXOgp2BpE/s400/sultan+saladin.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Sumber gambar : aboutislam.net</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Keterangan : Sultan Shalahudin al-Ayyubi </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Kedua tentara itu yang berusia sedikit
tua itu menjadi ketakutan mendengar ancaman hukuman yang tampak tidak
main-main. Wajah mereka kelihatan pucat, tubuh mereka gemetar, dan lunglai
bertumpu di atas lutut mereka sendiri sedangkan seorang lagi yang masih muda
tampak tenang.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Namun semua dapat diatur, "
lanjut Richard si Hati Singa. "Masih ada jalan untuk selamat bagi diri
kalian. Kalian akan kubebaskan dan kuberi kesenangan dan harta kekayaan tapi
dengan syarat agar kalian harus memeluk agama kami (Murtad, maksudnya) dan
menjadi mata-mata tentara kami !".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Hai anak muda !", teriak
Richard si Hati Singa kepada tentara Islam yang masih muda itu. "Bagaimana
dengan dirimu ? Menuruti kehendak kami dengan imbalan kesenangan dan kekayaan,
atau mati ?".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Meski kedua tangannya terbelenggu
erat, sang pemuda hanya menatap Panglima Kristen itu dan mulutnya mengucap
"Allahu Akbar !". Sikap pemuda itu membuat Richard si Hati Singa
murka. Dengan berteriak, ia memanggil algojonya. "Bangsat ! Seret dia
keluar dan cincang tubuhnya !".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Sang algojo yang bertubuh besar dan
tinggi menyeret pemuda Islam yang tidak berdaya itu keluar. Dia memasukkan sang
pemuda ke dalam tong kayu yang telah dipasangi paku didalamnya. Lalu, tong itu
ditutup sangat rapat dan digulingkan dari atas bukit oleh sang algojo. Kedua
kawannya dipaksa untuk menyaksikan hukuman mati bagi sang pemuda.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Ketika tong yang berisi pemuda itu
sampai di dasar bukit dan dibuka. Kedua kawannya memekik ngeri melihat keadaan
pemuda itu. Seluruh tubuhnya bersimbah darah dengan luka bagai dicabik-cabik.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Apa kalian sudah melihat nasib
kawan kalian itu?" tanya Richard si Hati Singa kepada 2 tentara Islam yang
telah dihadapkan kepadanya. "Kau ingin nasib seperti dia atau memilih
kehidupan yang mulia ?".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Sumber gambar : allthetropes.wikia.com</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Keterangan : Richard the Lion Heart</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Saya ingin hidup mulia",
kata salah satu tentara Islam yang sedikit lebih tua. "Bagus ! Jadi, kau
mau menuruti permintaanku ? Mau menjadi mata-mata kami ?".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Tidak !" kata seorang
tentara Islam yang sedikit lebih tua. "Lalu apa maksudmu ?", teriak
Richard si Hati Singa. "Aku ingin hidup mulia si sisi Allah. Allahu Akbar
!".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Tua bangka kurang ajar ! Kau
lihat saja nanti !", ejek Richard si Hati Singa dengan mata berapi-api.
"Dan kau yang satunya lagi. Bagaimana dengan keputusanmu ?".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Tentara Islam yang berumur agak muda
dengan gemetar dan badannya membungkuk-bungkuk ketakutan maju di hadapan
Richard si Hati Singa. "Saya... Saya mohon ampun, Tuanku. Saya... Saya
akan menuruti kehendak Tuanku...".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Hahaha... bagus,
bagus....", Richard si Hati Singa tertawa seraya memilin-milin kumisnya.
"Artinya, kau mau memeluk agama kami dan menjadi mata-mata tentara kami
?".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Benar, tuanku. Saya sebenarnya
memeluk Islam hanya ikut-ikutan saja. Saya berperang membela Islam juga karena
dipaksa !".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Betul demikian
?"</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Betul,
Tuan"</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Hati Richard si Hati Singa sangat
girang mendengar jawaban itu dan ia berteriak, "Hai pengawal. Beri dia
pakaian yang bagus dan mulai sekarang, aku angkat dia sebagai mata-mata
kita". Pengawal itu berkata, "Ampun, raja. Sebelum dia diangkat
menjadi bagian dari tentara kita, apakah tidak lebih baik kita uji
kesetiaannya?".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Apa maksudmu
?"</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Dia harus
berani membunuh kawannya sendiri untuk menguji kesetiaanya kepada kita".</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Hamba bersedia, tuanku. Hamba
bersedia melakukannya !", kata tentara Islam yang khianat itu. Maka
pengawal itu melepaskan ikatannya dan memberinya sebilah pedang. Dengan mata
menjijikkan, pengkhianat itu mengambil pedang yang disodorkan kepadanya dan
dengan cepat, dia menghujamkan ke perut kawannya sendiri, dan diulanginya
berkali-kali. Kawannya pun syahid dengan memekik, "Allahu Akbar !".</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Pengkhianat itu tertawa sinis di
hadapan Richard si Hati Singa. "Percayakah tuanku sekarang ? Dan hamba
kini menyatakan diri untuk menjadi pengikut tuan". Richard si Hati Singa
mengangguk-angguk, kemudian tertawa puas. "Pengawal, ajak dia ke tempat
perjamuan dan perlakukan dia dengan baik !".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Sebentar tuanku", sahut
pengawal itu. "Tidak sepatutnya orang ini diberi penghormatan seperti
itu". Pengkhianat itu menjadi kaget mendengar ucapan itu.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Apa maksudmu ?" tanya
Richard si Hati Singa. "Bukankah dia telah melakukan tugasnya dengan baik
?".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Justru karena itulah kita harus
berhati-hati, tuanku", jawab pengawal itu. "Terhadap kawannya sendiri
yang telah bergaul cukup lama, dia tega berbuat kejam. Apalagi terhadap kita
yang baru dikenalnya. Hamba yakin suatu saat dia pun pasti akan mengkhianati
kita". Ucapannya membuat Richard si Hati Singa mengkerutkan alisnya dan
mengangguk-angguk.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Ampun tuanku... Hamba
sekali-kali tidak akan berani melakukan itu...", ratap pengkhianat itu.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Tuanku, raja...", kata
pengawal itu itu lagi. "Sifat khianat adalah sifat terlaknat. Kalau suatu
hari dia melarikan diri dan memberitahu semua keadaan serta pertahanan kita
kepada tentara Islam, apakah kita tidak akan hancur ?".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Lalu apa yang harus kita lakukan
terhadap orang ini ?" tanya Richard si Hati Singa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Hukum dia dengan kejam melebihi
kematian 2 sahabatnya yang ksatria itu".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">"Algojo !" teriak sang raja.
"Masukkan pengkhianat ini ke dalam kandang singa !".</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Dengan meraung-raung minta ampun,
pengkhianat itu diseret ke kandang singa. Dia menangis dan meratap untuk
diampuni tapi Richard si Hati Singa tidak memperdulikannya. Sebentar kemudian
terdengar raungan singa yang diiringi jeritan memilukan. Tubuh pengkhianat itu
dicabik-cabik oleh singa yang tampak sangat kelaparan. Dia sengsara di dunia
dan di akhirat...</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-65023844961131775282014-10-12T11:36:00.005+07:002020-08-02T21:55:03.057+07:00Sejarah Islam di Hongaria<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Penulis : <a href="https://gantengue.blogspot.com/p/adi-selamet.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi Selamet</b></span></a></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Diperbarui terakhir: Rabu, 24 Rajab 1441 H (18 Maret 2020)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Allah Ta'ala berfirman,</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="arabic">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">كَذَٰلِكَ أَرْسَلْنَاكَ فِي أُمَّةٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ
قَبْلِهَا أُمَمٌ لِتَتْلُوَ عَلَيْهِمُ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ
وَهُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ بِالرَّحْمَٰنِ ۚ قُلْ هُوَ رَبِّي لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا
هُوَ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ مَتَابِ</span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Artinya :</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">"Demikianlah, Kami telah mengutus kamu pada suatu umat yang sungguh telah
berlalu beberapa umat sebelumnya, supaya kamu membacakan kepada mereka
(Al Quran) yang Kami wahyukan kepadamu, padahal mereka kafir kepada
Tuhan Yang Maha Pemurah. Katakanlah: "Dialah Tuhanku tidak ada Tuhan
selain Dia; hanya kepada-Nya aku bertawakkal dan hanya kepada-Nya aku
bertaubat" [QS. Ar-Ra'd : 30]</span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: lime;"><b><span style="color: #00b050;">Hongaria</span></b>
</span>beribukota di Budapest adalah sebuah negara yang terletak di Eropa Tengah.
Negara ini berbatasan dengan Austria di barat, Slowakia di utara, Ukraina di
timur, Rumania di tenggara, Kroasia dan Serbia di selatan, dan Slovenia di
barat daya. Negara ini seluas 93,030 km persegi yang dihuni oleh hampir 10 juta jiwa.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0MmB-ivL8bQCOFRL1AnVsxkDDKZKzC6Edb_vf4H539W4h1CHPR9fAe05xSxVVbWrlMwUSvTckn4QAL6TAfNhAqcDpk0qxkOEMGWzKrkG_1-6UXeRyb4YTmhvfFcnKom9sc_n4LGNDbFY/s1600/letak+hongaria.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="267" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0MmB-ivL8bQCOFRL1AnVsxkDDKZKzC6Edb_vf4H539W4h1CHPR9fAe05xSxVVbWrlMwUSvTckn4QAL6TAfNhAqcDpk0qxkOEMGWzKrkG_1-6UXeRyb4YTmhvfFcnKom9sc_n4LGNDbFY/s400/letak+hongaria.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> Sumber gambar : operationworld.org</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">keterangan : Letak Hongaria</span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Dalam bahasa setempat, Hongaria disebut sebagai <i>Magyarorszag</i>
(daerah Magyar).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Berdasarkan <b><span style="color: red;">Perjanjian Trianon </span></b>(1920)
pasca Perang Dunia I (1914-1918), Hongaria kehilangan sekitar 71% wilayah, 58%
penduduk, dan 32% etnis Hongaria karena berada di pihak <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Blok Poros</span></b> (<i>Central Powers</i>) bersama Kekaisaran
Jerman, Kekaisaran Austria-Hongaria (1867-1918), Kesultanan
Turki Utsmaniyah (1299-1923), dan Kerajaan Bulgaria yang dikalahkan oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Blok Sekutu</span></b> (<i>Entente powers</i>) yang dipimpin oleh
Inggris, Perancis, dan Kekaisaran Rusia (1721-1917).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: lime;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Asal Usul</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Umat Islam di Cekungan Carpathian,
Syrmia dan Drava, sungai Danube, Nyitra (Slovakia) Hongaria berasal dari Volga
Bulgaria dan Khwaresm dan berasimilasi dengan Suku Magyar yang terlibat dalam
perdagangan dan mampu menyewa beberapa properti milik Kerajaan Homgaria, dan
menjadi tentara bayaran di Kerajaan Hongaria (1000-1918) yang datang pada
sekitar abad ke-9 Masehi.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Mereka disebut sebagai <i><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Boszormeny</span></b></i>
(<i>Maghrebians</i> atau orang-orang Afrika Utara), <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Izmaelita</span></b>
(<i>Hysmaelita</i>/Ismael) dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;"><i>Scerecsen</i> </span></b>(Saracen).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sejarawan Arab dan ahli geografi, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">al-Mas'udi</span></b> mencatat pada abad ke-10 banyak
orang-orang asli Magyar masuk Islam. <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Al-Bakri</span></b>
menyebutkan orang-orang Magyar menebus Umat Islam yang ditangkap di
negara-negara tetangga. Pada abad ke-10, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ibrahim
bin Yaqub</span></b>, pedagang Muslim tiba di Praha, wilayah Magyar.</span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Menurut <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">the Gesta Hungarorism </span></b>mencatat Umat Islam dari
Volga Bulgaria pada era Taksony, Grand Prince of Magyar (955-sebelum 972) dan
menetap di Cekungan Carpathian. Selama 3 tahun (1150-1153), <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Abu Hamid al Garnati </span></b>(asal Andalusia =
Spanyol) bekerja di Kerajaan Hongaria yang dipercaya oleh raja Geza II untuk
merekrut tentara dari kalangan Muslim di Cekungan Carpathian.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">John Kinnamos </span></b>(sejarawan Bizantium)
menyebutkan bahwa tentara Muslim membela Kerajaan Hongaria melawan Kekaisaran
Bizantium (330-1453) era Kaisar Manuel I Komnenos pada 1165 sedangkan menurut <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Yaqub al Hamani</span></b> (Ahli Geografi asal Arab)
menyebutkan para mahasiswa Muslim dari Hongaria belajar di Aleppo, Suriah pada
awal abad ke-13 yang menyatakan bahwa ada 30 desa Muslim di sana yang fasih
berbicara bahasa Hongaria.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Yaqub al Hamani</span></b> (575-626 H/1179-1229) menulis
dalam kamus geografi terkenal "Mu'ajam al Bundan" tentang
pertemuannya dengan seorang mahasiswa Muslim Hongaria yang belajar di Aleppo,
Suriah yang membawa rincian sejarah dan kehidupan Umat Islam di Hongaria.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Ditindas dan Lenyap</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* Paruh kedua abad ke-11, Kerajaan Hongaria era raja
Ladislaus I memaksa Umat Islam untuk memeluk Kristen</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* Raja Colomon memaksa Umat Islam untuk membangun dan
membiayai gereja, makan daging babi, memeluk Kristen, menikahkan para putri
muslim dengan orang-orang Kristen, dan melarang pernikahan sesama Muslim
termasuk agar tamu yang berkunjung ke rumah Muslim harus makan daging babi.
Jika dilanggar, maka Muslim akan dibunuh.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* Raja Geza II (1141-1162) mengizinkan Umat Islam asli
Hongaria untuk mempraktekan aktivitas ibadah secara rahasia kecuali Umat Islam
dari Afrika Utara berdasarkan saran dari Abu Hamid al Garnati</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* 3 Maret 1231, Paus Gregorius IX memerintahkan seluruh
Uskup kerajaan untuk melawan perintah raja tapi raja Andrew II masih
memperkerjakan Umat Islam</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* 25 Februari 1231, Robert dari Esztergom (Uskup Agung)
mengucilkan Kerajaan Hongaria dan para bangsawan tapi kemudian Paus Gregorius
IX dan raja Andrew II mencapai kesepakatan pada 20 agustus 1233 di Bereg
sehingga Umat Islam dan Yahudi harus memakai kain khusus. Kesepakatan ini tidak
semua dilakukan oleh raja Andrew II karena keberadaan Umat Islam mempengaruhi
kemakmuran Hongaria.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* 10 Desember 1239, Paus Gregorius IX mengangkat Bela IV
sebagai raja di Hongaria.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* Banyak orang-orang asli Magyar yang
masuk Islam sehingga jumlah Muslim meningkat drastis daripada jumlah kelahiran
keluarga Muslim di Hongaria membuat Paus Gregorius IX khawatir. Undang-undang
yang mendiskriminasi Umat Non Kristen disebut sebagai Sinode Szabotcs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dinyatakan oleh Saint Ladislaus dan raja
Colomon atas perintah Gereja Katolik.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Paska serangan pasukan Mongolia
(1241-1242), tidak ada referensi tentang kabar keberadaan Umat Islam di
Hongaria tapi raja Ladislaus IV menunjuk seorang Murtadin, Mizse sebagai
pegawai di kantor Platine pada 1290. Kemungkinan besar banyak Muslim yang
murtad, dibunuh, dijadikan budak, dan akhirnya, bermigrasi ke tempat-tempat
yang aman. Sekarang, <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Boszormeny</span></b>
sebagai nama keluarga Muslim yang hidup di Hongaria khususnya di kota <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Hajduboszormeny</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: lime;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pemerintahan Utsmaniyah pada 1541-1699</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Raja Vladislaus II (1490-1516), raja
dari Bohemia diangkat sebagai raja di Hongaria oleh para bangsawan sebagai raja
boneka dan memberikan perkebunan dan tanah yang luas kepada para bangsawan
sehingga menindas para petani menyebabkan pemberontakan petani besar pimpinan
Gyorgy Dozsa pada 1514.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pada 1521, Sultan Sulaiman I (1520-1566)
berhasil menaklukan Belgrade setelah merebut benteng Hongaria terkuat di
selatan (Nandorfehervar). Sultan Sulaiman I bersama pasukannya berhasil
mengalahkan pasukan Kerajaan Hongaria pimpinan Raja Lois II Jagiellon yang
dibantu oleh pasukan Kerajaan Kroasia, Mahkota Bohemia, Bavaria, Kepausan
Serikat, kerajaan Polandia, dan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Kekaisaran Romawi Suci dalam pertempuran Mohacs pada 29 Agustus 1526.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> Sumber gambar : en.wikipedia.org</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan : </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Lois II Jagiellon, raja terakhir Hongaria</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Kemenangan itu mempercepat penaklukan Hongaria Namun mereka gagal menaklukan Kota Wina, ibukota
Kekaisaran Romawi Suci pada 1529 karena musim dingin dan dipukul mundur oleh
Kekaisaran Romawi Suci (962-1806) yang dibantu oleh kerajaan-kerajaan Kristen
atas perintah Paus di Roma.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Paska Pertempuran Mohacs, ada 2 calon
raja yaitu John Zapolya (1526) dari Hongaria dan Ferdinant I (1527) dari
Dinasti Habsburg, Austria menyebabkan kekacauan politik di Hongaria. 1541,
Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah mulai memerintah setelah menaklukan Kota Buda tanpa
perlawanan dan membagi 5 vilayet (provinsi) yaitu Buda, Kanije, Egri, Varad
(Oraden), dan Temesvar dan memberi kedaulatan bagi Hongaria timur bernama
Kerajaan Transylvania (sebelumnya, Hongaria Timur Raya) dan Kerajaan Hongaria
untuk memerintah sedangkan barat dan utara Hongaria bernama Royal Hongaria
(1538-1864) dikuasai Dinasti Habsburg.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pada abad ke-16, banyak tokoh Muslim
Hongaria yang lahir seperti Kanijeli Siyavus Pasha (dari Nagyakanizsa) sebagai
Wazir Agung (Perdana Menteri) pada tahun antara 1582 dan 1593, darwis
Mevlevian, Pecsevi arifi Ahmed Dede asal Turki di Pecs. Sebagian besar studi
Islam di Hongaria mengajarkan madzhab Hanafi atau sekolah Islam Sunni meski ada
beberapa orang Syiah. Sekitar belasan ribu tentara Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah
menjaga keamanan penduduk.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXVVoiexzVsqdTEBv5NEE6WCTHuqsFVnX3uReujNvGVYTTDn60qPO_BfezNruGrwpj_MWDklQVOsHOE-6InmloY3J43bvb-GjPGNboioNg2_QTq-wsM4sFFsVR6X4nWiv7Gg__HCSTpdI/s1600/sultan+sulaiman+i.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="204" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXVVoiexzVsqdTEBv5NEE6WCTHuqsFVnX3uReujNvGVYTTDn60qPO_BfezNruGrwpj_MWDklQVOsHOE-6InmloY3J43bvb-GjPGNboioNg2_QTq-wsM4sFFsVR6X4nWiv7Gg__HCSTpdI/s400/sultan+sulaiman+i.jpg" width="329" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> Sumber gambar : en.wikipedia.org</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan : Sultan Sulaiman I sang penakluk Hongaria</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pemerintahan Kesultanan Turki
Utsmaniyah terkenal sebagai pemerintahan yang toleran dan tidak pernah memaksa
Umat non Muslim untuk memeluk Islam sebagai agama mereka. Setiap umat beragama
dijamin kebebasan untuk beribadah. Di bawah pemerintahan Kesultanan Turki
Utsmaniyah, Budapest menjadi puast administrasi dan tumbuh menjadi kota
masyarakat madani yang dihuni oleh Umat Islam, Umat kristen, Umat yahudi, dan
Umat Gypsie.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Selama abad ke-17, jumlah penduduk Hongaria yang dikuasai oleh
Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah bertambah menjadi sekitar 900 ribu hingga 1 juta
orang.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sejak dikuasai Kesultanan Turki
Utsmaniyah,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hongaria bisa mengekspor 500
ribu sapi yang memanfaatkan padang rumput Hortobagy (padang rumput alami
terbesar di Eropa) dan berbagai jenis sayuran dan buah-buahan khususnya buah
anggur ke negara-negara Eropa, penduduk pun sejahtera. Tidak sedikit pula
orang-orang Hongaria menerima Islam sebagai agama mereka.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pasukan Kesultanan
Turki Utsmaniyah pimpinan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kara Mustafa Pasha </span></b>era
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Mehmed IV</span></b> (1648-1687) gagal
menaklukan Kota Wina lagi pada 1683 karena dipukul mundur oleh pasukan gabungan
Polandia dan Kekaisaran Romawi Suci pimpinan<b><span style="color: red;"> John
III Sobieski </span></b>membuat kekuasaan Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah melemah
di Hongaria. Berdasarkan <b><span style="color: red;">Perjanjian Karlowitz </span></b>(1699),
Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah era <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sultan Mustafa
II </span></b>(1695-1703) harus menyerahkan Hongaria kepada Dinasti Habsburg
yang memerintah Kekaisaran Romawi Suci.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: lime;"><b>Peninggalan-peninggalan Islam</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Pemerintahan Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah
membangun banyak Masjid dan gereja, jembatan, jalan, air mancur, perpustakaan,
tempat mandi, dan ratusan sekolah. Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah berperan juga
memperkenalkan <i>Turkish Baths</i> (tempat mandi ala Turki) dan<i> Rudas Baths</i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Tak
kurang dari 75 <i>hammams</i> (tempat mandi uap) dibangun selama pemerintahan
Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah. Pendidikan diwajibkan bagi semua penduduk tanpa
dipungut biaya. Pembangunan dan pemeliharaan Masjid dan gereja ditanggung oleh
pemerintah Kesultanan Turki Utsmaniyah dan badan amal Kesultanan Turki
Utsmaniyah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Namun setelah pemerintahan Kesultanan
Turki Utsmaniyah bubar di Hongaria, semua peninggalannya dihancurkan dan banyak
Masjid yang diubah menjadi gereja seperti Masjid Pasha Qasim di Pecs dan Masjid
Sejh Ali Dede, dan Masjid Jacovali Hassa Pasha oleh Kekaisaran Romawi Suci
untuk menghapus jejak Islam.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> Sumber gambar : http://visitbudapest.travel</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan : Makam Gul Baba di budapest, Hongaria</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Hanya menyisakan pemakaman Gul Baba (Bapak
Mawar dalam bahasa Turki), seorang ulama Sufi asal Turki yang berjasa dalam
penanaman bunga mawar di Hongaria selama hidupnya sehingga di sekitar makamnya
masih banyak bunga mawar yang tumbuh dan indah di Rozsadom (Bukit Mawar).
Kekaisaran Romawi Suci memaksa Umat Islam untuk memeluk Katolik atau diusir
dari Hongaria.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: lime;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Abad ke-19 dan 20</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Setelah Revolusi 1848-1849, 6 ribu
orang Polandia dan Hongaria dipimpin oleh Jenderal Josef Bem termasuk perwira
Hongaria, Richard Guyon (Kurshid Pasha), Gyorgy Kmety (Ismail Pasha), dan
Maximilien stein (Ferhad Pasha) meminta perlindungan kepada Kesultanan Turki
Utsmaniyah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Menurut Kamus Biografi Nasional Oxford,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: red;">Richard Guyon</span></b>
dinyatakan sebagai orang Kristen pertama yang mendapat pangkat Pasha dan
komando militer Turki tanpa harus masuk Islam yang berasal dari Hongaria. Sejak
1920, hukum yang berlaku di Hongaria menyatakan semua bangunan ibadah agama
apa pun disebut sebagai gereja. Hongaria pernah menjadi tempat pembantaian
terhadap Umat Islam oleh Serbia pada 1990-an.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: lime;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Abad ke-21</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2000, sebuah Masjid dibangun di
Hongaria dengan nama Gereja Lingkungan Paradoks Islam (MME). Szultan Sulok,
pemimpin organisasi Muslim memperkirakan ada 3200 Muslim di Budapest. Dewan di
Ujbuda telah mengizinkan bagi masyarakat Muslim di Hongaria untuk membangun
pusat Islam pertama di Budapest dengan perpustakaan yang berisi 50 ribu volume
buku.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">12 Juli 2011, Hongaria hanya mengakui 14 kelompok agama berdasarkan
undang-undang "Hak Kebebasan Hati Nurani dan Agama, Gereja, Agama, dan
Komunitas Agama" dan Islam tidak dimasukkan dalam daftar tapi pada 27
Februari 2012, parlemen Hongaria mengubah undang-undang yang kontroversial ini.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sumber gambar : https://www.facebook.com/pg/Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi-Muszlimok-Egyh%C3%A1za-Organization-of-Muslims-in-Hungary-138533786214283/about/</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Keterangan : Organisasi Muslim Hongaria ini dibangun sejak 1987 </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Menurut sensus 2011, ada 5579 Muslim
atau 0.056% dari total penduduk Hongaria yang beretnis Hongaria dan Arab tapi
menurut <i>Magyarorszagi Muszlimok Egyhaza</i> (Organisasi Muslim Hongaria), ada 32 ribu
Muslim (0.3%) di Hongaria. 2013, Umat Islam di Hongaria mengangkat 2 ulama
yaitu Herzegovina dan Husein Kavazovi (pemimpin Muslim di Bosnia), dan juga,
Umat Islam di Hongaria punya hubungan dengan Umat Islam di Bosnia yang
tergabung dalam <i>the Hungarian Islamic Community</i> diketuai oleh Zoltan Boluk.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sumber-sumber
referensi :</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongaria</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ottoman_Hungary</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-mancanegara/13/12/01/mx4VIj-uniknya-islam-di-budapest</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.budapest.com/city_guide/culture/museums/gul_babas_tomb.en.htm </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://merdeka.com/ramadan/budapest-kota-terakhir-peninggalan-jejak-islam-di-hongaria.html</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">* </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6sz%C3%B6rm%C3%A9ny</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com25tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-73302155534460058972014-08-11T13:06:00.004+07:002023-01-26T10:26:03.682+07:00Fenomena ISISAdi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-44308227774491103492014-07-19T00:00:00.002+07:002023-01-26T10:28:26.362+07:0021 Fakta Tentang Nelson MandelaAdi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-28414723122741622672014-07-15T10:53:00.001+07:002023-01-26T10:30:03.353+07:00Masjid ini Bekas Bangunan Klub MalamAdi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-51874685547581057622014-06-30T12:39:00.011+07:002020-09-04T19:17:08.803+07:00Pandangan Islam Tentang Malpraktek<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-_jKIC5C47ItEoqil3-5AR0AsUD1eU9wpT5nObhIUMxanSnD8O70Uhk6PMY7Z-2vJk03xKL90IZGpFqnMf_GBSm0e1WzKTBLdq3crc1kB9ukKMm54T9HBvvkeHR4FyYkeBw4FIWvMI4k/s626/malpraktik.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-_jKIC5C47ItEoqil3-5AR0AsUD1eU9wpT5nObhIUMxanSnD8O70Uhk6PMY7Z-2vJk03xKL90IZGpFqnMf_GBSm0e1WzKTBLdq3crc1kB9ukKMm54T9HBvvkeHR4FyYkeBw4FIWvMI4k/s320/malpraktik.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sumber gambar</b>: Freepik.com<br /><b>Keterangan</b>: Ilustrasi malpraktik</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: red;"><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com">Adi Ingin Berbagi</a> - Malpraktek adalah suatu kesalahan praktek yang
dilakukan para petugas kesehatan (dokter, perawat dan sebagainya) terhadap
pasien yang mengakibatkan dampak buruk bagi pasien sehingga pasien dapat
meninggal atau cacat pada tubuhnya</span></b>.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Para petugas kesehatan dituntut
untuk membantu pasien agar pasien sembuh dengan cara mengobatinya. Namun,
seorang dokter yang paling profesional pun bisa melakukan kesalahan dalam
mengobati pasiennya. Dalam berbagai berita disebutkan bahwa para petugas
kesehatan dapat dituntut jeratan hukum akibat kesalahannya dalam mengobati pasien.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""><span face=""></span></span></span><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Lalu bagaimana pandangan Islam tentang
malpraktek ???</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Tak ada agama yang paling sempurna,
jelas dan aturannya yang membuat manusia aman dan sejahtera kecuali Islam.
Orang yang mengobati seseorang maka ia harus mengetahui dan memiliki ilmu
kedokteran karena menyembuhkan orang bukan perkara mudah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sebagaimana
Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">bersabda,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">من تطبب ولم يعلم منه طب قبل ذلك فهوضامن</span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">"Siapa pun yang melakukan pengoba</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">tan dan dia tak
mengetahui ilmunya sebelum itu maka dia yang bertanggung jawab" [HR. An
Nasa'i, Abu Daud, Ibnu Majah dan yang lain, hadits hasan no. 54 dalam <i>kitab
Bahjah Bulub al Abrar</i>]</span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Jika seorang petugas kesehatan melakukan
kesalahan karena tak mempunyai ilmu kedokteran maka sang petugas kesehatan
tersebut harus menggganti rugi bagi sang pasien yang telah dirugikannya sebagai
bentuk tanggung jawabnya.</span></b></span></span> </span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Ibnu Qayyim al
Jauziyah رحمه الله</span><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">berkata, "Maka
wajib mengganti rugi (bertanggung jawab) bagi dokter yang bodoh jika melakukan
praktek kedokteran dan tak mengetahui/mempelajari ilmu kedokteran sebelumnya''
[Thibbun</span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> Nabawi hal. 88, al Maktab ats Tsaqafi,
Kairo]</span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Tugas menjadi seorang dokter atu perawat untuk mengobati
penyakit bukan perkara mudah. Jika tak mempunyai ilmu kedokteran atau tak ahli
di bidang kesehatan lalu tetap melakukan praktek dan terjadi kesalahan, maka
dia berdosa dan harus bertanggung jawab.</span></b></span></span> </span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Syaikh Abdurrahman
bin Nashir as Sa'di </span><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">رحمه
الله </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berkata, "Tidak boleh bagi seseorang
melakukan suatu praktek pekerjaan di mana ia tak mumpuni dalam hal tersebut.
Demikian juga dengan praktek kedokteran dan lainnya. Barangsiapa yang lancang
melanggar maka ia berdosa. Dan apa yang ditimbulkan dari perbuatannya berupa
hilangnya nyawa dan kerusakan anggota tubuh atau sejenisnya maka ia harus
bertanggung jawab" [<i>Bahjah Qulubil Abrar</i> hal. 155, <i>Dar Kutub al Ilmiyah</i>,
Beirut, cetakan ke-1, 1423 H]</span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">Bila dokter atau petugas kesehatan
melakukan kesalahan maka ia harus bertanggung jawab dengan membayar<i> diyat</i>
(ganti rugi)</span></b></span></span> </span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Sebagaimana Al Khathabi </span><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="line-height: 115%;">رحمه الله</span><span lang="" style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berkata, "Saya tak mengetahui adanya
perselisihan dalam pengobatan apabila seseorang melakukan kesalahan, sehingga
menimbulkan mudharat pada pasien, maka ia harus menanggung ganti rugi. Orang
yang melakukan praktek (kedokteran) yang tak mengetahui ilmu dan terapannya
maka ia adalah orang yang melampaui batas. Apabila terjadi kerusakan akibat
perbuatannya, maka ia harus bertanggung jawab dengan mengganti diyat'' [<i>Thibbun</i></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><i> Nabawi </i>hal. 88, <i>al Maktab ats Tsaqafi</i>,
Kairo]</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Bila
seorang dokter yang ahli mendapatkan izin dari sang pasien atau keluarga pasien
lalu tak melakukan kesalahan dalam praktenya dan kemudian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>terjadi kerusakan terhadap pasien maka sang
dokter tak harus mengganti rugi karena ia telah melakukan praktek sesuai
prosedur kesehatan. Meski tak harus bertanggung jawab tapi sang dokter yang
telah mendapat izin dari pasien atau wali pasien tak boleh mempermainkan
pengobatan pada sang pasien.</span></b></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sebagaimana Syaikh
Abdurrahman bin Nashir as Sa'di </span><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">رحمه الله</span><span lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berkata, "Dokter yang mahir, jika
melakukan (praktek kedokteran) dan tak melakukan kesalahan, kemudian terjadi
dalam prakteknya kerusakan/bahaya, maka ia tak harus mengganti rugi. Karena ia
mendapat izin dari pasien atau wali pasien. Dan segala kerusakan yang timbul
dalam perbuatan yang mendapat izin, maka tak harus mengganti rugi" [<i>Bahjah
Qulubil Abrar</i> hal. 156, <i>Dar Kutub al Ilmiyah</i>, Beirut, cetakan ke-1, 1423 H]</span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sebagaimana kaidah
fiqhiyah :</span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">ما ترتب عل المأذون فهو غير مضون واعكس بالعكس</span></span> </span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">"Apa pun (kerusakan) yang timbul
dari sesuatu yang mendapat izin, maka tak harus mengganti rugi, dan
kebalikannya" [<i>Al Qawaidul Ushwul Jaami'ah</i> hal. 21و Darul Wathan, Riyadh,
cetakan ke-2, 1422 H<span face="">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">5 pembagian praktek kedokteran menurut
Ibnu Qayyim al jauziyah </span><span dir="RTL" lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">رحمه الله</span><span lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">:</span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">1. Dokter yang mahir
melakukan praktek sesuai standar dan tak melakukan kecerobohan</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2. Dokter yang bodoh
dan tak melakukan kesalahan</span></span><br />
<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">3. Dokter yang mahir
dan mendapatkan izin kemudian melakukan kecerobohan</span></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">4. Dokter yang mahir
berijtihad memberikan suatu resep obat kemudian ia salah dalam ijtihadnya</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">5. Dokter yang mahir
melakukan pengobatan kepada anak kecil atau orang gila tanpa seizinnya tapi
mendapat izin dari walinya</span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">[<i>Thibbun</i></span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><i> Nabaw</i>i hal. 88-90, <i>al Maktab ats
Tsaqafi</i>, Kairo]</span></span><br />
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<span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sebenarnya
dokter yang melakukan kesalahan dalam prakteknya (malpraktek) bisa dihukum dan
dimasukkan ke dalam penjara agar masyarakat tak melakukan hal serupa. Hal ini
dalam Islam disebut <i>Ta'zir </i>yaitu hukuman yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah walau
pun tak ada dalam <i>syariat</i> atau tak dijelaskan dalam syariat.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Seorang
dokter atau petugas kesehatan harus mengetahui dan memiliki ilmu kedokteran
agar sedikit mungkin tak melakukan kesalahan. Dan, dokter atau petugas
kesehatan tak akan melakukan praktek kedokteran kecuali harus mendapat izin
dari pasien atau wali pasien.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span face=""><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">Baca juga:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/benarkah-rasulullah-wafat-diracun.html">Benarkah Rasulullah Diracun?</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/04/alasan-dilarang-bernapas-saat-minum.html">Mengapa Kita Tidak Boleh Bernapas Saat Minum?</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/01/15-bukti-ilmiah-daging-babi-tak-layak.html">Mengapa Babi Haram Dikonsumsi?</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/01/puasa-adalah-wajib-hikmahnya.html">Hikmah Berpuasa</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/6-jasa-para-ulama-dalam-kemerdekaan.html">Apa Jasa Ulama terhadap Kemerdekaan Indonesia?</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/6-peristiwa-penting-pada-bulan-rajab.html">Peristiwa Apa yang Paling Penting di Bulan Rajab? </a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/08/dialog-singkat.html">Mengapa Kita Harus Bersyukur?</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/09/manfaat-minum-air-tawar.html">Manfaat Minum Air Putih</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/manfaat-menghirup-dan-mengeluarkan-air.html">Manfaat Menghirup dan Mengeluarkan Air Saat Berwudhu</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/07/begadang-dan-bahaya-bagi-kesehatan.html">Apa Dampak Buruk Begadang Bagi Kesehatan?</a></span></div>
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Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-65149011789882840962014-06-29T11:52:00.001+07:002020-03-18T05:52:56.627+07:00Isra' dan Mi'raj<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Penulis : <a href="https://gantengue.blogspot.com/p/adi-selamet.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi Selamet</b></span></a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Terbit : 29 Juni 2014</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Diperbarui terakhir: Rabu, 24 Rajab 1441 H (18 Maret 2020)</span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7TbEk56zMjN04t_Jn80Sey1_Q0mzs5Uba22q7r8LWqQ6ZomE18oiMF69PBbQqj-Gl2zM9DrrZUd2lCtfy3wfE5mvOmAD7DTtjtmf_lRk_-aIgLs86ZKwfZ3InaHuZWCXeZspBIFSckbU/s1600/masjid+biru.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7TbEk56zMjN04t_Jn80Sey1_Q0mzs5Uba22q7r8LWqQ6ZomE18oiMF69PBbQqj-Gl2zM9DrrZUd2lCtfy3wfE5mvOmAD7DTtjtmf_lRk_-aIgLs86ZKwfZ3InaHuZWCXeZspBIFSckbU/s400/masjid+biru.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> Sumber gambar : yourholidayhomes.com</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Keterangan : Masjid Biru yang dibangun oleh Sultan Ahmad I</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Isra' adalah
perjalanan yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">bersama Malaikat Jibril dari Masjidil Haram di Makkah
Mukarrahmah ke Masjidil Aqsa di Palestina.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Allah Ta'ala berfirman,</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ
الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى الَّذِي بَارَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ
لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">"</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Maha Suci Allah,
Yang telah memperjalankan hamba-Nya pada suatu malam dari Masjidil Haram ke
masjidil Aqsa yang Kami telah berkahi sekelilingnya agar Kami perlihatkan
kepadanya sebagian tanda-tanda (kebesaran) Kami. Sesungguhnya Dia Maha
Mendengar lagi Maha Melihat" [QS. Al Isra (17) : 1]</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sedangkan Mi'raj
adalah perjalanan yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">bersama Malaikat Jibril dari Masjidil Aqsa di Palestina
ke Sidratul Muntaha di langit ke-7.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Allah Ta'ala berfirman,</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">والنجم إذا هوى (1) ماضل صاحبكم وماغوى (2) وماينطق عن
الهوى (3) إن هوإلاوحى يوحى (4) علمه شديدالقوى (5) ذومرة فاستوى (6) وهوبالأفق
الأعلى (7) ثم دنافتدلى (8) فكانقاب قوسن أوأدنى (9) فأوحى إلى عبده مآأوحى (10)
ماكذب الفؤدمارأى (11) أفتمرونه على ما يرى (12) ولقدرءاه نزلة أخرى (13) عندسدة
المنتهى (14) عندهاجنة المأوى (15) إذيغش السدرة ما يغش (16) مازاغ البصروماطغى
(17) لقدرأى من ءايت ربه الكبرآ (18) </span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">"Demi bintang
ketika terbenam. Kawanmu (Muhammad) tidak sesat dan tidak pula keliru. Dan
tidaklah yang diucapkannya itu (al qur'an) menurut keinginannya. Tak lain (al
Qur'an itu) adalah wahyu yang diwahyukan (kepadanya). Yang diajarkan kepadanya
oleh (Malaikat Jibril) yang sangat kuat. Yang mempunyai keteguhan, maka
(Malaikat Jibril) menampakkan diri dengan rupa yang asli, sedang dia berada di
ufuk yang tinggi. Kemudian dia mendekat (kepada Muhammad) untuk menyampaikan
(wahyu), lalu bertambah dekat lagi. Sehingga jaraknya (sekitar) 2 busur panah
atau lebih dekat (lagi).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lalu
disampaikannya wahyu kepada hamba-Nya apa yang telah diwahyukan oleh Allah.
Hatinya tidak mendustakan apa yang telah dilihatnya. Maka apakah kamu (Musyrikin
Mekkah) hendak membantah tentang apa yang dilihatnya itu ?. Dan sungguh dia
(Muhammad) telah melihatnya (dalam rupa yang asli) pada waktu yang lain.
(Yaitu) di Sidratil Muntaha. Di dekatnya ada surga tempat tinggal. (Muhammad
melihat Malaikat Jibril) ketika Sidratil Muntaha diliputi oleh sesuatu yang
meliputinya. Panglihatannya tidak menyimpang dari apa yang dilihatnya itu dan
tak (pula) melampauinya. Sungguh, dia telah melihat sebagian tanda-tanda
(kebesaran) Tuhannya yang paling besar" [QS. An Najm (53) : 1-18]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Jadi, Isra' dan
Mi'raj adalah perjalanan yang dilakukan oleh Rasulullah bersama Malaikat Jibril
dari Masjidil Haram di Makkah Mukarramah lalu ke Masjidil Aqsa di Palestina
sampai ke Sidratil Muntaha yang terjadi pada tanggal 27 Rajab.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sesungguhnya
Allah tak diliputi 6 arah (atas, bawah, kanan, kiri, depan dan belakang) tak
seperti makhluk-Nya yang selalu diliputi 6 arah. salah satu hasil dari
peristiwa yang dialami Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">ini adalah kewajiban shalat 5 waktu yaitu Isya, Subuh,
Dhuhur, Ashar, dan Maghrib.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sekian artikel yang
ditulis oleh saya dan semoga bermanfaat..<span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-62391598212240249132014-06-20T12:13:00.004+07:002020-09-04T11:18:39.145+07:00Benarkah Rasulullah Wafat Diracun ???<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKJmB_cY8ysZC_OZ-pA0fJtEDj-mcRTTnhyF9ZxP4lowjPaLQCa4I0QAeSA6_Lg5D-GFoN6aZvanauunKo4sTgKVIvEHHwPQy58lGjPIUg6ES5ZjoalB0g7gNf5iP-IgNuDDTWGch4XTU/s626/nama+Nabi+Muhammad+SAW.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="626" data-original-width="626" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKJmB_cY8ysZC_OZ-pA0fJtEDj-mcRTTnhyF9ZxP4lowjPaLQCa4I0QAeSA6_Lg5D-GFoN6aZvanauunKo4sTgKVIvEHHwPQy58lGjPIUg6ES5ZjoalB0g7gNf5iP-IgNuDDTWGch4XTU/s320/nama+Nabi+Muhammad+SAW.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sumber gambar</b>: Freepik.com<br /><b>Keterangan</b>: Nama Nabi Muhammad SAW</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: red; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_863596568"> </a></span><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/">Adi Ingin Berbagi</a></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> - Nabi
Muhammad<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">adalah manusia terbaik sepanjang zaman. Beliau adalah
rahmat bagi alam semesta. Sebagaimana Allah Ta'ala berfirman,</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="color: #004dbb; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ومآأرسلنك إلارحمة للعلمين</span></b><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"Kami tak
mengutusmu melainkan untuk (menjadi) rahmat bagi alam semesta" [QS. Al
Anbiya (21) : 107]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nabi Muhammad </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">adalah suri tauladan yang baik. Sebagaimana Allah Ta'ala
berfirman,</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="color: #004dbb; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">لقد كان لكم ف رسول الله أسوة حسنة لمن كان
يرجواالله وليوم الأخروذكرالله كثيرا</span></b><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"Sesungguhnya
telah ada pada (diri) Rasulullah itu suri tauladan yang baik bagimu (yaitu)
bagi orang yang mengharap (rahmat) Allah dan (kedatangan) hari kiamat dan dia
banyak menyebut Allah" [QS. Al Ahzab (33) : 21]</span><br />
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Meski Rasulullah </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sebagai pemimpin terbaik sepanjang masa dan
para tokoh dunia pun mengakuinya tapi masih ada orang-orang yang membenci
Rasulullah </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan berbagai tuduhan dan fitnah</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Orang-orang yang
membenci Rasulullah adalah kebanyakan orang-orang Kristen di seluruh dunia.
Mereka pun menuduh Rasulullah wafat diracun berdasarkan hadits ini :</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dikisahkan oleh Aisha, "<b><span style="color: red;">Pada waktu sakitnya sebelum dia mati, sang Nabi sering
mengatakan, "Wahai Aisha ! Aku masih merasa kesakitan karena daging yang
kumakan di Khaibar, dan sekarang aku merasa urat nadiku dipotong oleh racun itu</span></b>"
[Hadits Sahih Bukhari Vol. 5, Book 59, Number 713]</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Benarkah
Rasulullah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">wafat diracun ???</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Baiklah, saya
membantah tuduhan mereka dengan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">fakta-fakta
sejarah </span></b>:</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Perang Khaibar
terjadi pada tahun 628 Masehi (tahun ke-7 H) dan pada bulan Februari 629 Masehi
atau bertepatan dengan Dzulhijjah 7 Hijriah, Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan Umat Islam melaksanakan Umratul Qadha'</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Pada tahun yang
sama, Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله
عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menikah dengan Syafiyah binti Huyaiy bin
Akhtab setelah Khaibar dapat ditaklukan</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Pada Januari 630
Masehi (Ramadhan 8 Hijriah), Rsulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>masih sehat dan segar, beliau pula yang
membuka Kota Mekah dan menghancurkan ratusan berhala yang ada di sekitar Ka'bah
dalam peristiwa Fathul Makkah.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Adakah orang yang diracun lalu datang ke Mekah
dan menghancurkan ratusan berhala dalam keadaan sehat dan bugar ??? Tidak ada !
Ingat, dari Khaibar ke Madinah ditempuh dengan jarak ribuan meter dan dari
Madinah ke Mekah bagaikan dari Bandung ke Surabaya. Jauh bukan ?? Apalagi di
zaman beliau belum ada kendaraan seperti motor, mobil dan pesawat !</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4. 4 tahun dari
peristiwa Khaibar (Maret 632 Masehi/Dzulhijjah 10 Hijriah), Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>masih hidup dan sehat, beliau melaksanakan
Haji Wada' (Haji terakhir) bersama sekitar 114 ribu Muslim.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rasulullah pun
menerima wahyu terakhir yaitu :</span></div>
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<b><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="color: #004dbb; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">أليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتى
ورضيت لكم الإسلم دينا</span></b><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pada hari ini telah Kusempurnakan untukmu agamamu, dan
telah Kucukupkan kepadamu nikmat-Ku dan telah Kuridhoi Islam itu menjadi agama
bagimu</span></b>" [QS. Al Maidah (5) : 3]</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5. Pada Mei 632
Masehi (Safar 11 Hijriah), Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menyiapkan Pasukan Islam yang dipimpin oleh
Usamah untuk pergi ke Negeri Syam. Menyiapkan pasukan pun harus mengeluarkan
banyak tenaga !</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">6. Pada 7 Juni 632
Masehi (Senin, 12 Rabiul Awal 11 Hijriah) atau bertepatan dengan hari kelahiran
beliau, Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله
عليه وسلم </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">jatuh sakit dan kemudian wafat setelah menerima wahyu terakhir sebagaimana
yang ditulis oleh saya di atas.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Catatan : Rasulullah dilahirkan pada tanggal 12
Rabiul Awal, 52 tahun sebelum Hijrah dan beliau wafat dalam usia 63 tahun tepat
pada tanggal 12 Rabiul Awal 11 tahun setelah Hijrah.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Istri Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang bernama Aisyah radhiyallahu'anha berkata
bahwa ketika sakit Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bertambah berat, Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">meminta kepada semua
istri beliau, supaya selama sakit, beliau diizinkan dirawat di rumahku dan
mereka mengizinkannya. Lalu Rasulullah</span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pergi ke rumah Aisyah radhiyallahu'anha
dipapah oleh 2 orang laki-laki, sedangkan 2 kaki beliau tercecah menggaris
tanah di antara kedua orang laki-laki itu, yaitu Abbas, paman beliau dan
seorang lagi.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ubaidillah radhiyallahu'anhu berkata, "<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Cerita Aisyah radhiyallahu'anha itu kuceritakan kepada
Abbas, lalu dia mengatakan kepadaku, tahukah Anda siapa laki-laki yang seorang
lagi itu </span></b>?'' Jawabku, "<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Tidak</span></b>
!". Kata Abbas, "<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Dia adalah Ali</span></b>".
Selanjutnya Aisyah radhiyallahu'anha menceritakan juga bahwa setelah Rasulullah
</span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berada di rumahnya, sedangkan sakit
Rasulullah bertambah keras juga, maka beliau bersabda, "<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Siramkanlah kepadaku 7 girbag air yang masih utuh, semoga
aku segera dapat melaksanakan dakwah kepada orang banyak</span></b>". Lalu
Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>didudukkan ke dalam sebuah bak
mandi terbuat dari kuningan, kepunyaan Hafsyah radhiyallahu'anha, istri
Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, kemudian beliau disiram oleh kami dengan air yang diperintahkan
Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sampai beliau memberi isyarat
kepada kami, "<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Sudah cukup</span></b>".
Setelah itu beliau pergi ke Masjid menemui jama'ah" [HR. Bukhari nomer
135]</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan:</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Tokoh-tokoh dalam
hadits di atas adalah Aisyah dan Hafsyah (2 istri Rasulullah), Abbas bin Abdul
Muthalib (paman Rasulullah), Ubaidillah, dan Ali bin Abi Thalib (sepupu dan
menantu Rasulullah). Semua tokoh dalam hadits di atas terkenal dengan kejujuran
mereka dan mereka adalah keluarga Rasulullah. So, mereka tak akan mungkin
berdusta, apalagi tentang Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Hadits ini
dinyatakan asli dan terbukti benar bahwa Rasulullah hanya sakit biasa, bukan
diracun sebagaimana tuduhan orang-orang yang membenci Islam</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Para ulama dan
para ahli sejarah Islam membenarkan hadits tentang Rasulullah yang sedang sakit
lalu dibawa oleh Abbas bin Abdul Muthalib (paman Rasulullah) dan Ali bin Abi
Thalib (sepupu dan menantu Rasulullah) ke rumah Aisyah (istri Rasulullah) dan
dimandikan ke sana dengan air yang ada di bak mandi milik Hafsyah (istri
Rasulullah). Setelah dimandikan maka Rasulullah menemui jama'ah di Masjid.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ini bukti bahwa Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">diperintahkan untuk
menyampaikan wahyu yang diterima oleh beliau dan beliau dijaga keamanan dan
keselamatannya oleh Allah Ta'ala sebagaimana Allah Ta'ala berfirman,</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="color: #004dbb; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">يأيهاالرسول بلغ مآانزل إليك من ربك</span></b><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>طى <b><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></sup><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">وأن لم تفعل فمابلغت رسالته </span></b><sup>ج</sup><b><span style="color: #004dbb;"> والله يعصمك من الناس</span><sup> ج </sup><span style="color: #004dbb;">أن الله لا يهدى القوم الكفرين </span></b>(67)</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Artinya :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"Hai Rasul,
sampaikanlah apa yang diturunkan kepadamu dari Tuhanmu. Jika kamu tidak
mengerjakan (apa yang diperintahkan itu, berarti) kamu tidak menyampaikan
amanat-Nya. Allah memelihara kamu dari (gangguan) manusia. Sesungguhnya Allah
tidak memberi petunjuk kepada orang-orang kafir" [QS. Al Maidah (5) : 67]</span><br />
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lalu, bagaimana
dengan hadits ini ???</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dikisahkan oleh
Aisha, "<b><span style="color: red;">Pada waktu sakitnya sebelum dia mati,
sang Nabi sering mengatakan, "Wahai Aisha ! Aku masih merasa kesakitan
karena daging yang kumakan di Khaibar, dan sekarang aku merasa urat nadiku
dipotong oleh racun itu</span></b>" [Hadits Sahih Bukhari Vol. 5, Book 59,
Number 713]</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan :</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Hadits tersebut
adalah palsu sebagaimana yang dinyatakan oleh para ulama</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Ingat, 20 ribu
hadits palsu tentang Rasulullah disebarkan ke seluruh negara-negara yang dihuni
masyoritas Muslim seperti Indonesia dan hadits di atas adalah salah satu dari
20 ribu hadits palsu karena hadits tak bisa dijaga keasliannya tapi al Qur'an
tetap terjaga kemurnian dan keasliannya</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Orang-orang yang
membenci Islam seperti para pendeta yang suka sekali menuduh Islam dengan
membuat hadits-hadits palsu dan ayat-ayat al Qur'an dipalsukan seperti al
Qur'an al Furqan al Haq yang dibuat oleh para sarjana teolog Kristen<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>asal Amerika Serikat</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4. Meski orang-orang
Kristen berusaha agar Umat Islam ragu terhadap Islam dan pindah agama tapi
usaha mereka gagal dan bahkan Islam menjadi salah satu agama terbesar di dunia.</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jika mereka menuduh Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">wafat diracun dengan
bukti hadits palsu, maka bagaimana dengan orang-orang Kristen yang dianggap
sebagai orang-orang suci tapi mati mengenaskan ???</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dalam buku <b><span style="color: red;">Foxe's
Book of Martyrs</span></b>, John Foxe (protestan Inggris) mengisahkan
orang-orang Kristen yang mati mengenaskan sebagaimana berikut :</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: red; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Paulus
dari Tarsus</span></b><br />
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: red; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ia adalah pembunuh orang-orang yang
masih menganggap Yesus sebagai seorang Nabi dan tak menganggap Yesus sebagai
Tuhan. Usahanya gagal, kemudian ia mengaku sebagai rasul dan menyatakan bahwa
Yesus sebagai Tuhan. Ia terkenal sebagai orang pembohong sebagaimana dinyatakan
dalam Alkitab. Lalu, ia ditangkap di Yerussalem dan dimasukkan ke dalam penjara
selama 2 tahun di Kota Roma [Kisah para Rasul 21 : 30], dan dimasukkan ke
penjara di Kaisarea [Kisah para Rasul 23 : 23-24].</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah 2 tahun dibebaskan
dari penjara, Paulus melakukan perjalanan ke Spanyol dan kembali ke Timur, dan
dimasukkan ke penjara untuk ke-2 kali di Roma. Ia pun tewas dipenggal di luar
tembok Roma pada tahun 67 Masehi di era pemerintahan Kaisar Nero. Sebelumnya ia
mengklaim bahwa Kerajaan Tuhan akan datang tapi faktanya sampai sekarang,
ucapannya tak terbukti dan orang-orang Yahudi pun tak pernah mau mengakuinya
sebagai rasul utusan Yesus. Paulus sendiri bukan seorang murid yesus dan tak
pernah melihat Yesus saat Yesus masih hidup</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: red; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Matius
disiksa dan dibunuh dengan sebuah pedang di Ethiopia</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Ingat, Matius
adalah penulis Injil Matius</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: red; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Markus
diseret dalam keadaan hidup di jalanan yang penuh batu hingga tewas</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Ingat, Markus
adalah penulis Injil Markus</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: red; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4. Lukas
digantung di Yunani</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Ingat, Lukas adalah penulis Injil Lukas</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: red; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5. Yohanes
direbus dalam minyak goreng yang sangat panas di Roma. </span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ingat, Yohanes pun
adalah penulis Injil Yohanes</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>5 orang penyebar agam</span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">a Kristen
tersebut terkenal sebagai para pendusta sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam Alkitab
dan cerita-cerita mereka tentang Yesus pun saling bertentangan dan mereka
pantas mati mengenaskan.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;"> "</span><b style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: red;">Saksi palsu tidak
akan bebas dari hukuman dan yang menghembuskan kebohongan tidak akan terluput</span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">"
[Amsal 19 : 5 MILT 2008] atau dinyatakan, "</span><b style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: red;">Saksi
dusta tak akan luput dari hukuman, orang-orang yang menyemburkan kebohongan tak
akan terhindar</span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">" [Amsal 19 : 5 TB + TSK 1974]. Satu ayat saja
dalam Alkitab banyak versi 😁</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sekian artikel yang ditulis oleh saya
dengan tujuan membantah tuduhan mereka kepada Rasulullah </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Saya tidak peduli
mereka percaya pada Islam atau tidak, bagi saya Islam adalah jalan hidup bagi
orang yang beriman kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Semoga bermanfaat dan maaf bila
terdapat kesalahan dalam penulisan..</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div></div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-23880182487540664992014-06-19T12:34:00.000+07:002020-03-18T06:11:39.159+07:006 Peristiwa Penting pada Bulan Rajab<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Penulis : <a href="http://plus.google.com/+AdiSelamet99"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi Selamet</b></span></a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Terbit : 19 Juni 2014</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Diperbarui terakhir: Rabu, 24 Rajab 1441 H (18 Maret 2020)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b>
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/">Adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com</a></span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> - Bulan Rajab
terletak antara Bulan Jumadil Akhir (Bulan ke-6) dan Bulan Sya'ban (bulan ke-8)
yang termasuk bulan yang dihormati sebagaimana Bulan Muharram, Dzulqo'dah dan
Dzulhijjah dalam Kalender Hijriyah, Kalender Islam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Tahukah Anda bahwa pada Bulan Rajab, berbagai
peristiwa penting terjadi???</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;"><br /></span></b></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com
</span></b>merangkumnya dari berbagai sumber terpercaya hanya untuk Anda.
Berikut ulasannya...</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">1.
Perang Tabuk</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada Rajab 9 Hijriyah, Rasulullah
bersama Pasukan Islam berangkat dari Madinah menuju Tabuk di Syam (sekarang
masuk wilayah Arab Saudi) bertujuan menghadapi Pasukan Romawi Timur di Tabuk
daripada Madinah diserang Pasukan Romawi.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Namun, Pasukan Romawi Timur merasa
takut dan memundurkan diri dari perang ini dan Tabuk menjadi wilayah Islam
tanpa pertumpahan darah. Seluruh Jazirah Arab menjadi wilayah Islam era Rasulullah.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">2.
Yerussalem ditaklukan oleh Sultan Shalahuddin al Ayyubi</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Setelah mengalahkan Pasukan Salib yang
lebih terkenal dengan nama Ksatria Templar di Hattin dalam Pertempuran Hattin,
Sultan Shalahuddin al Ayyubi bersama Pasukan Islam berhasil mengalahkan
Kerajaan Katolik Yerussalem dan Yerussalem pun berhasil ditaklukan lagi oleh
Pasukan Islam dalam Perang Salib II.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Peristiwa sejarah ini terjadi pada Rajab
583 Hijriyah (1187 Masehi) yang membuat kagum berbagai kalangan sehingga
orang-orang Barat pun masih mengagumi Sultan Shalahuddin al Ayyubi, seorang
pemimpin Muslim dari Suku Kurdi atas toleransinya pada kalangan Non Muslim yang
dibiarkan hidup.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Setelah Yerussalem menjadi wilayah Islam lagi, Raja Richard
dari Inggris yang dijuluki Si Hati Singa memulai Perang salib III (1187-1191)
yang berusaha merebut lagi Yerussalem dari tangan Islam tapi tetap gagal.
Peristiwa ini kemudian difilmkan dengan nama Kingdom of Heaven yang diproduksi
pada 2005 oleh Hollywood.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">3.
Hijrah Pertama ke Negeri Habsyah (Ethiopia)</span></b></span></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Akibat perlakuan
kejam yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang Kafir di Mekah, Rasulullah mengizinkan
para sahabat untuk berhijrah ke Ethiopia. 14 Sahabat Rasulullah termasuk 4
wanita berhijrah ke Ethiopia yang diperintah oleh sang raja yang toleran. Dalam
rombongan ini, Utsman bin Affan dan istrinya, Roqiah putri Rasulullah pun ikut.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">4. Imam Ali bin Abi
Thalib lahir dalam Ka'bah</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada Jum'at, 13 Rajab, 23 tahun
sebelum Rasulullah hijrah ke Madinah, Ali bin Abi Tahlib lahir dalam Ka'bah.
Ibunya bernama Fatimah binti Asad adalah seorang wanita sholehah mendapat ilham
untuk melahirkan di dalam Ka'bah.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Diriwayatkan bahwa Fatimah binti Asad yang
sedang mengandung memegang kain penutup Ka'bah dan ia berdoa, "Ya Allah,
wahai Tuhan Pemilik Rumah Suci ini, sesungguhnya aku ini seorang wanita yang
beriman kepada-Mu. Aku beriman kepada agama yang dibawa kakekku, Ibrahim,
kepada para Nabi yang telah Engkau utus serta Kitab Suci yang telah Kau
turunkan. Ya Allah, demi kesucian bayi yang sedang aku kandung ini, maka
mudahkanlah proses kelahiranku ini". Maka atas kehendak Allah, Fatimah
binti Asad melahirkan seorang anak laki-laki bernama Haydar bin Abi Thalib yang
lebih dikenal sebagai Ali bin Abi Thalib karena Rasulullah memanggilnya
demikian.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mengenai Ali bin Abi Thalib,
Rasulullah bersabda, "Ada yang aku miliki dan tak dimiliki oleh Ali. Dan
ada yang dimiliki oleh Ali tapi aku tak memilikinya. Hal yang aku miliki dan
tak dimiliki oleh Ali adalah bahwa aku seorang Nabi dan Rasul terakhir yang
diutus oleh Allah sedangkan yang dimiliki oleh Ali tapi aku tak memilikinya
adalah bahwa ia satu-satunya manusia yang lahir di dalam Ka'bah". Benar,
hanya Imam Ali bin Abi Thalib radhiyallahu'anhu yang lahir di dalam Ka'bah
sekaligus sebagai menantu Rasulullah.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">5.
Isra' Mi'raj</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Rasulullah menerima perintah shalat 5
waktu secara langsung dari Allah Ta'ala tanpa perantaraan wahyu sebagaimana
perintah lainnya seperti zakat, umrah, haji, dan puasa.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Para ahli sejarah Islam
menyatakan bahwa Peristiwa Isra' Mi'raj terjadi pada 27 Rajab 18 bulan sebelum
Rasulullah hijrah ke Madinah. Peristiwa Isra' Mi'raj diabadikan oleh Allah
dalam Kitabnya, al Qur'an pada Surah al Isra (17) ayat 1 dan Surah an Najm (53)
ayat 1-18.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;">6.
Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyyah dihapus</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kekhalifahan Ustmaniyyah yang beribukota
di Istanbul, Turki selalu diserang dari berbagai arah. Negara-negara Eropa yang
menyerang secara bersamaan dan timbulnya berbagai pemberontakan di Turki yang
dipimpin oleh Mustafa Kemal Pasha Attaturk dan di Jazirah Arab atas dukungan
Sekutu termasuk Inggris dan Perancis.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">3 Maret 1924 Masehi atau tepat pada 28
rajab 1342 hijriyah menjadi hari terkelam bagi Umat Islam di Turki khususnya,
Mustafa Kemal Pasha Attaturk membubarkan khilafah yang telah melindungi Umat
Islam selama 625 tahun (1299-1924) dalam sidang Dewan Perwakilan Nasional.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Seluruh Negara Muslim menjadi rebutan Negara-negara Eropa yang memenangkan
Perang Dunia I dan setelah merdeka pun, baru sedikit Negara-negara Muslim yangg
mampu menerapkan Syariat Islam meski diancam dan dihujat dari berbagai arah
seperti Kesultanan Brunei Darussalam dan di provinsi di Indonesia, Aceh.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Baca juga:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2015/06/bulan-suci-ramadhan-bulan-penuh-berkah.html">Bulan Suci Ramadhan</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2015/01/20-oktober-1827-pertempuran-navarino.html">Pertempuran Navarino</a></span><br />
<br />
👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/07/fakta-perang-mutah_7.html">Fakta Perang Mu'tah</a><br />
<br />
👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/6-jasa-para-ulama-dalam-kemerdekaan.html">Enam Jasa para Alim Ulama dalam Kemerdekaan Indonesia</a><br />
<br />
👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/04/2-kerajaan-terkuat-di-dunia-pun-jatuh.html">Dua Kerajaan Terkuat Dunia Jatuh ke Tangan Islam</a><br />
<br />
👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2013/11/kronologis-singkat-perang-dunia-ii.html">Kronologi Singkat Perang Dunia II</a><br />
<br />
👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/06/3-tokoh-pencetus-anti-islam-di-eropa.html">Tiga Tokoh Pencetus Anti Islam di Eropa</a><br />
<br />
👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/07/21-fakta-tentang-nelson-mandela.html">21 Fakta tentang Nelson Mandela</a><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2015/05/29-mei-1453-konstantinopel-ditaklukan.html">Kejatuhan Konstantinopel</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">👉 <a href="https://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2015/10/3-september-1260-pertempuran-ain-jalut.html">Pertempuran Ain Jalut</a></span></div>
</div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-44340862283586895812014-06-16T12:41:00.000+07:002020-04-01T18:00:46.005+07:00Front Nusra, Israel, Arab, dan Wahabi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Penulis :</span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"> <a href="http://plus.google.com/+AdiSelamet99">Adi Selamet</a></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;">Terbit : 16 Juni 2014</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcI8fG3imxzFA48P43u7ND4mUL0Q5mmWSR0flveOgdS4bxpc81sxk4QPaV0Q_FpN0hw4hJPPtwcs6zGLM1jMd98VMNrJ6keYQQ2dpzimMEgq_-IW2XJOZ50rYEtJCWUxZZ2khaWtBAw_Y/s1600/al-nusra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="146" data-original-width="220" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcI8fG3imxzFA48P43u7ND4mUL0Q5mmWSR0flveOgdS4bxpc81sxk4QPaV0Q_FpN0hw4hJPPtwcs6zGLM1jMd98VMNrJ6keYQQ2dpzimMEgq_-IW2XJOZ50rYEtJCWUxZZ2khaWtBAw_Y/s400/al-nusra.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sumber gambar : en.wikipedia.org</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Keterangan : Teroris Front al-Nusra </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Front al-Nusra, Front Nusra atau Jabhat al-Nusra didirikan oleh seorang
Israel bernama Abu Muhammad al Jaulani <span style="color: #004dbb;">[1]</span>
(Abu Muhammad of Golan, Israel) pada 23 Januari 2012 dengan jumlah belasan ribu
anggotanya yang aktif terlibat dalam berbagai pertempuran melawan Negara Suriah
yang dipimpin oleh Bashar al Assad, seorang Alawiya tulen dan bukan Syiah
sebagaimana yang dituduh beberapa orang yang merasa sebagai Muslim <span style="color: #004dbb;">[2]</span>. Jabhat al-Nusra dibentuk atas bantuan
Kepala Intelejen Arab Saudi, Bandar bin Sultan dan CIA dengan membawa Bendera
Hitam bertuliskan "Tiada Tuhan selain Allah". <span style="color: #004dbb;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Front Nusra berada di sekitar perbatasan
utara Suriah dan Turki hingga perbatasan Lebanon. Kelompok ini lebih terampil
dan memiliki persenjataan yang lebih lengkap daripada semua kelompok yang
memerangi Negara Suriah. Bantuan internasional menyebabkan kelompok ini
memiliki fasilitas yang lebih baik beberapa kali lipat daripada semua kelompok
"Mujahidin" di Suriah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Secara Struktur, Jabhat al-Nusra di bawah
pengawasan Dewan Militer yang dipimpin oleh Mohammad Faruq Tayfur, wakil
Jama'ah Ikhwanul Muslimin di Suriah. Jabhat al-Nusra mengikuti perintah dari
Kantor Tayfur di Istanbul dan pusat komando militer internasional yang berada
di perbatasan <span style="color: #004dbb;">T</span>urki di suriah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Menurut majalah mingguan Perancis,
Okanard Oncinih, pusat komando Jabhat al-Nusra terdiri dari para perwira
Perancis, Amerika, Qatar, dan Turki membantai penduduk suriah termasuk para
pejabat Negara Suriah karena sebagai bentuk pembalasan dengan perang beberapa
dekade lalu, dan memperkuat kekuasaannya di beberapa desa dan kota yang
dikuasainya <span style="color: #004dbb;">[4]</span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Arab Saudi dan Qatar
bertanggung jawab untuk menyetor pasukan, mempersenjatai Jabhat al-Nusra
termasuk dengan rudal. Inggris, Amerika Serikat dan Staf Militer Israel melatih
dan merawat anggota Jabhat al-Nusra yang terluka. <span style="color: #004dbb;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sesungguhnya konflik
di Suriah sejak 2011 sampai sekarang bukanlah konflik antara Sunni dan Syiah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Karena :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">1. Jika Suriah yang
diperangi hanya karena terdapat orang-orang Syiah, lalu mengapa Iran yang tidak
diserang padahal mayoritas Syiah di dunia terdapat di Iran ???</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">2. Jika orang-orang
Syiah di Suriah itu kejam, lalu mengapa Israel yang tak diserang ?? Bukankah
sejak berdirinya Israel sampai sekarang, jutaan orang Palestina menjadi
pengungsi dan tak sedikit yang dibunuh oleh Negara Zionis Israel ???</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Puluhan ribu orang bersenjata dari
puluhan negara yang dibiayai oleh dana internasional menyebabkan ratusan ribu
warga Suriah meninggal, tak sedikit orang-orang Suriah mengungsi dan berapa
kerugian yang ditanggung rakyat dan pemerintah Suriah ??? Para ulama dan para
pendeta dibunuh dengan brutal, berbagai tempat ibadah dihancurkan dan
peninggalan-penilanggalan sejarah masa lalu pun mengalami kerusakan yang sangat
parah. Bom dan roket pun menghancurkan fasilitas umum seperti sekolah, masjid
hingga rumah sakit. <span style="color: #004dbb;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Tahukah Anda bahwa Libya, Mesir, Irak
dan Suriah pernah menyerang Israel berkali-kali meski Israel yang selalu menang
??? Libya hancur karena diserang oleh Amerika, Perancis, Turki dan Uni Eropa
dan terbunuhnya <span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span>pada
2011 yang lalu <span style="color: #004dbb;">[7]</span>. Mesir menjadi
negara boneka setelah Jenderal al Sissi berkuasa. Irak dihancurkan oleh Amerika
Serikat melalui pangkalan militernya di Arab saudi pada 2003. Dan sekarang,
Suriah diserang dengan alasan kekejaman Syiah. Libya, Irak, Mesir dan Suriah
dihancurkan karena menolak keberadaan Israel di Palestina.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Sesungguhnya konflik-konflik
yang terjadi di dunia Islam khususnya di kawasan Timur Tengah karena
memperebutkan sumber daya alam termasuk minyak dan menjaga keamanan Israel
dengan memperalat negara-negara Arab dan Kaum Wahabi yang suka berbuat
kerusakan atas nama Islam dan menuduh Umat Islam selain Wahabi sebagai Musyrik,
Syiah, Kafir atau tuduhan keji lainnya.<span style="color: #004dbb;"> [8] </span>Adakah
yang mau mengambil pelajaran ??? Adakah yang mau menggunakan otaknya ??</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #004dbb;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Apakah pantas Jabhat
al-Nusra dan ISIS dianggap sebagai Mujahidin ???? Jika iya, mengapa keduanya
saling bermusuhan dan saling bunuh ??<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">?</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Ini baru sebagian
dari semua kekejaman Jabhat al-Nusra di Suriah :</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Jabhat al-Nusra
memerangi ISIS ("Islamic" State Irak and Syam) setelah memberinya
ultimatum atas pembunuhan Abu Khaled al Souri tepat pada 25 Februari 2014. Abu
Khaled al Souri adalah seorang veteran al Qaeda yang berperang di Afghanistan
dan Irak.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/18785</span>
dan <span style="color: blue;">http://bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26338341</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Rencana Abu Bakar al
Baghdadi (pemimpin ISIS) agar ISIS bergabung dengan Jabhat al-Nusra meyebabkan
kedua kelompok tersebut saling serang sejak April 2013. Ayman al-Zawahiri
(pemimpin al Qaeda) mengutuk pertikaian antar fraksi pemberontak yang saling
bermusuhan dan memisahkan ISIS dari al Qaeda</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://okezone.com/read/2014/01/23/412/930761/anggotanya-saling-bunuh-di-suriah-pemimpin-al-qaeda-muncul</span>
dan <span style="color: blue;">http://indo.wsj.com/posts/2014/02/04/al-qaeda-campakkan-isis-suriah</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Kamis, 10 April
2014, Jabhat al-Nusra dihancurkan oleh ISIS di lapangan yang menewaskan 24
orang dan melukai puluhan orang.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://islamtimes.org.com/vdcdkfOszytO5kb6.Ipzy.html</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Jika Jabhat al-Nusra
adalah kelompok Sunni pasti tak akan menyerang Sunni dan tak akan pula menyerang
warga sipil. Ironis, Jabhat al-Nusra menyerbu warga Sunni bersuku Kurdi di
daerah Raas al-Ein perbatasan Suriah dengan Turki pada Sabtu, 19 Januari 2013.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://satumedia.info/2013/01/front-al-nusra-gempur-wilayah-sunni.html</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Jabhat al-Nusra
membantai 120 anak dan 330 orang dewasa termasuk wanita di desa al Abyad, dekat
provinsi al-Hasakah pada 6 Agustus 2013. Serangan brutal tersebut mengingatkan
mereka tentang genosida Suku Kurdi yang dikenal sebagai Kampanye al anfaal oleh
Saddam Hussein pada 1980-an.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://islam-institute.com/jabhat-al-nusra-bantai-120-anak-dan-330-orang-dewasa-di-desa-al-abyad-suriah.html</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Jabhat al-Nusra
membantai 60 orang di desa Hatlah-Deir Ezor di Suriah atas hasutan seorang
"ulama" Kuwait yang dikenal sebagai Syaikh al Shafi-Ajami pada 15
Juni 2013.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://islam-institute.com/mujahidin-jabhah-al-nusra-membantai-penduduk-desa-hatlah-deir-ezzor-di-suriah.html</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Catatan Kaki :</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">[1]. <span style="color: blue;">http://pietervanostaeyen.wordpress.com/2013/12/16/an-alleged-biography-of-abu-muhammad-al-julani-some-ideas</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">[2]. <span style="color: blue;">http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_Al-Nusra</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">[3], [4]. <span style="color: blue;">http://indonesia.irib.ir/artikel1/-1/asset-publisher/7xTQ/content/front-al-nusra-dan-rencana-ikhwanul-muslimin-menguasai-dunia-arab/pop-up</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">[5]. <span style="color: blue;">http://islamtimes.org/vdcdxsOxsytOo56.Ipzy.html</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">[6]. <span style="color: blue;">http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/2014/04/libya-dulu-dan-kini.html</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">[7]. <span style="color: blue;">http://islam-institute.com/berita-suriah-media-islam-radikal-lakukan-pembodohan-publik.html</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">[8]. Rasulullah </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span></span> bersabda, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">"<span style="color: #004dbb;">Sesungguhnya
yang paling aku khawatirkan atas kalian adalah seseorang yang telah membaca
(menghafal) al Qur'an, sehingga tampak kebagusannya terhadap al Qur'an dan dia
menjadi pembela Islam, dia terlepas dari al Qur'an, membuangnya di belakang
punggungnya dan menyerang tetangganya dengan pedang dan menuduhnya musyrik</span>".
Aku (Hudzaifah) bertanya, "Wahai nabi Allah, siapakah yang lebih pantas
disebut Musyrik, penuduh atau yang dituduh ?". Beliau menjawab, "<span style="color: red;">Penuduhnya</span>". [HR. Bukhari dalam at Tarikh,
Abu Ya'la, Ibnu Hibban, dan al Bazzar].</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Rasulullah </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span></span> bersabda</span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">, "<span style="color: #004dbb;">Sesungguhnya
di antara umatku ada orang-orang yang membaca al Qur'an tapi tak melampaui
tenggorokan mereka. Mereka membunuh Muslim dan membiarkan penyembah berhala.
Mereka keluar dari Islam secepat anak panah yang melesat dari busurnya.
Sungguhnya, jika aku mendapati mereka, pasti aku membunuh mereka seperti
terbunuhnya Kaum Aad</span>". [HR. Shahih Muslim no. 1762].</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Diriwayatkan oleh Imam Ali bin Abi Thalib </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: EN;">رضي الله عنه</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> bahwa </span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> Rasulullah </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم</span></span> bersabda</span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">, "Di akhir zaman akan muncul kaum yang usia
muda dan lemah akal. Mereka berbicara dengan pembicaraan yang seolah-olah
berasal dari manusia terbaik. Mereka membaca al Qur'an tapi tak melampaui
tenggorokan mereka. Mereka keluar dari agama (Islam) secepat anak panah
meluncur dari busur. Apabila kalian bertemu mereka, maka bunuhlah mereka karena
berpahala di sisi Allah pada hari kiamat" [Shahih Muslim no. 1771<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Artikel ini ditulis dengan tujuan agar
kita tak tertipu slogan-slogan yang mengatasnamakan Islam tapi menghalalkan
segala cara hanya untuk menegakkan Khilafah Islamiyyah. Bukan Khilafah
Islamiyyah yang berdiri tapi Khilafah ala Yahudi yang akan berkuasa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dan, artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan sumber-sumber
terpercaya dan saya hanya mengharapkan ridho dari Allah. Semoga bermanfaat dan
maaf bila terdapat kesalahan.</span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-13209036772114664112014-06-16T12:08:00.003+07:002023-01-26T10:21:10.610+07:00Sepak Terjang Boko HaramAdi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-67465324016451631962014-06-15T12:47:00.003+07:002023-01-26T10:35:09.634+07:003 Tokoh Pencetus Anti Islam di EropaAdi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-19163308593470843182014-04-25T17:30:00.002+07:002020-08-06T20:56:00.021+07:00Alasan Dilarang Bernapas Saat Minum Dalam Gelas<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhykcNWLN8O56DMD4KHDPAOGmnzYJssiGI3LGrMZGAFFW5HRRlrlzlxkhaM1gJregpDirITbIxR_Vj5fyAP9Zj5ELPEA0fZ9vbaeeCB0KsBuOL1YIabPwsAuI9Am8o2IbipRWJB91zVHDU/s1600/minum.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhykcNWLN8O56DMD4KHDPAOGmnzYJssiGI3LGrMZGAFFW5HRRlrlzlxkhaM1gJregpDirITbIxR_Vj5fyAP9Zj5ELPEA0fZ9vbaeeCB0KsBuOL1YIabPwsAuI9Am8o2IbipRWJB91zVHDU/s1600/minum.jpeg" /></a></div>
<br />
Makan, minum dan berpakain merupakan aktivitas sehari-hari manusia yang
tak bisa dipisahkan.
Saat minum sekalipun, Islam telah mengaturnya sedemikian rupa yang
manfaatnya dapat kita rasakan.
Islam melarang kita bernapas dalam gelas saat minum dan meniupnya.
Dalilnya :
=> Diriwayatkan oleh Abu Qatadah, Rasullah Muhammad
Shallallahu'alaihi wa Salam bersabda, "JIKA KALIAN MINUM MAKA JANGANLAH
BERNAPAS DALAH WADAH AIR MINUMNYA" [HR. Bukhari & Muslim]
=> Dari Ibnu Abbas, "SESUNGGUHNYA RASULULLAH MELARANG UNTUK
BERNAPAS ATAU MENIUP WADAH AIR MINUM" [HR. At Tirmidzi & Abu
Dawud]
=> Rasulullah Muhammad Peace be upon him bersabda, "APABILA SALAH
SEORANG DI ANTARA KALIAN MINUM, MAKA JANGANLAH IA BERNAPAS DI DALAM
GELAS, AKAN TETAPI HENDAKLAH IA MENJAUHKAN TEMPAT MINUMNYA DARI
MULUTNYA" [HR. Ibnu Majah dari Abu Hurairah]
Penjelasan ilmiah :
Ketika kita menghembuskan napas (CO2) ke dalam air (H20) dalam wadah
minuman, maka CO2 dari napas kita akan bercampur dengan air (H20) akan
menjadi senyawa ASM KARBONAT (H2CO3).
Inilah reaksinya :
H20 (air) + CO2 (napas manusia) => H2CO3 (asam karbonat)
Zat asam inilah yang berbahaya bila masuk ke dalam tubuh.
Air juga mengandung zat kapur (CaO), apabila ditiup maka napas manusia
(CO2) akan bereaksi menjadi batu kapur (CaCO3).
Inilah reaksinya :
CaO (zat kapur) + CO2 (napas manusia) => CaCO3 (batu kapur)
Jika kedua zat berbahaya ini selalu masuk ke dalam perut kita, tentu
dapat menimbulkan penyakit berbahaya.
Terbuktikan ???
Islam melarang dan memerintah sesuatu pasti ada manfaatnya
Trus, bagaimana dengan minuman yang berkabonasi yang kita konsumsi,
apakah berbahaya ??
Minuman berkarbonasi mengandung GAS C02 yang membuat kita kembung
setelah meminumnya.
Pokoknya jangan terlalu banyak meminum minuman berkarbonasi ya ??
Ok ??
Karena berbahaya juga bagi tubuh kita<br />
Semoga bermanfaat... </div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-74408769577233224512014-04-13T13:58:00.005+07:002023-01-26T10:25:01.875+07:0020 Situs Islam Terbaik dan Terpercaya<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-33052924582188853982014-04-12T11:12:00.003+07:002020-09-01T13:02:21.932+07:00Libya, Dulu dan Kini<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghRfIa7JjLnAz-4NayCY_EMl52FNTfhSFuEMQVFvvfgcKZ3XuRef0Ub8Y496XLYz63EW3C8eBguodV0OL56GmuzH5fHCcZ3r3-IWDpkBwA7WT0n3kP-0vQx-XcpXK9he8RBXynrBvUezk/s1600/Libya.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghRfIa7JjLnAz-4NayCY_EMl52FNTfhSFuEMQVFvvfgcKZ3XuRef0Ub8Y496XLYz63EW3C8eBguodV0OL56GmuzH5fHCcZ3r3-IWDpkBwA7WT0n3kP-0vQx-XcpXK9he8RBXynrBvUezk/s1600/Libya.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="color: #004dbb; font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Nama <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Libya</span></b>
berasal dari "Lebu" dalam Bahasa Mesir Kuno sebutan bagi orang-orang <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Berber </span></b>(disebut juga sebagai orang-orang <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Moor</span></b> oleh Spanyol) yang tinggal di sebelah
barat Sungai Nil, dan diserap oleh Bahasa Yunani sebagai "Libya".
Pada zaman Yunani Kuno, istilah ini memiliki arti yang lebih luas, mencakup
seluruh Afrika Utara di sebelah barat Mesir dan kadang ditunjukkan untuk seluruh
Benua Afrika. Seluruh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Afrika Utara </span></b>dan
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Andalusia </span></b>(Spanyol dan Portugis)
ditaklukkan oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Bani Umayyah
Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah </span></b>(661-750 Masehi) yang beribukota di <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Damaskus </span></b>(Ibukota <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Suriah</span></b>,
sekarang).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada masa pemerintahan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Khalifah Sulaiman al Qanuni </span></b>(1520-1566
Masehi), seluruh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Afrika Utara </span></b>berada
dalam naungan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah </span></b>(1299-1923
Masehi) yang beribukota di <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Istanbul</span></b>
atas jasa <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Khairuddin Barbarossa</span></b>. Pada
tahun 1911 Masehi, beberapa kapal perang dari <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan
Italia</span></b> berlabuh di Pantai Tripoli. <b><span style="color: red;">Italia
</span></b>meminta agar <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah </span></b>menyerahkan
Libya. Permintaan ini ditolak dengan tegas karena dianggap penghinaan oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah</span></b> dan seluruh rakyat
Libya. Dengan biadap, <b><span style="color: red;">Italia</span></b> pun
menghancurkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kota Tripoli</span></b> dengan bom selama 3 hari 3 malam melalui
pesawat-pesawat penghancur. Maka perang antara <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan
Italia</span></b> dan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>terjadi pada 29 September 1911 sampai 18
Oktober 1912. Perang ini mengerahkan 100 ribu pasukan <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Italia</span></b> dan 28 ribu pasukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah</span></b> yang dimenangkan oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Italia </span></b>yang menyebabkan 14 ribu pasukan
dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah </span></b>dan 3380
pasukan dari <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Italia </span></b>tewas.
Perang ini adalah perang pertama di dunia karena <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan
Italia </span></b>menggunakan pesawat-pesawat pelempar bom. <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Italia</span></b> merebut Libya, Pulau Rodos dan
Kepulauan Dodecanese dekat Anatolia dari <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan
Utsmaniyah</span></b>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada 18 Oktober 1912, perjanjian damai
antara <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah </span></b>dan <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Italia</span></b> berlangsung di Kota Lausanne,
Switzerland yang ditolak oleh seluruh rakyat Libya, pasukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah </span></b>dan para ulama. 3
sebab utama <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah </span></b>dikalahkan
oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Italia</span></b> karena <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Italia </span></b>menggunakan pesawat penghancur,
terjadinya <b><span style="color: red;">Perang Balkan</span></b> dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah </span></b>telah lemah. Seorang
ulama Sufi dan pengikut tarekat Sanusiyah yang bernama <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Umar Mukhtar </span></b>dan para ulama lainnya memimpin
rakyat Libya bersama pasukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Kekhalifahan
Utsmaniyah </span></b>melawan <b><span style="color: red;">Kerajaan Italia </span></b>di
Libya sampai terusirnya Italia dari Libya setelah Italia dikalahkan oleh Sekutu
dalam Perang Dunia II (1937-1945).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>10 Februari 1947, Libya merdeka dari
Italia di bawah pengawasan perwalian PBB dan pada 24 Desember 1951, Libya
dipimpin oleh Idris I sebagai raja namun dikudeta oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>(7/6/1942-20/10/2011) tanpa
tumpahan darah. Semenjak Libya dipimpin oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar
al Qaddafi</span></b>, semua sumber daya alam dikelola oleh Negara Libya yang
membuat <b><span style="color: red;">Amerika Serikat </span></b>dan <b><span style="color: red;">Eropa </span></b>berang dan sering menyerang Libya. Pada
Februari 1980, <b><span style="color: red;">Amerika Serikat </span></b>menutup
kedutaannya di Tripoli, ibukota Libya. Januari 1986, <b><span style="color: red;">Ronald Reagan</span></b> (Presiden Amerika Serikat) memerintahkan
penghentian dagang dan ekonomi dengan Libya. Kemudian, aset-aset Libya
dibekukan di <b><span style="color: red;">Amerika Serikat</span></b>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada April 1986, pesawat-pesawat
tempur <b><span style="color: red;">Amerika Serikat </span></b>memborbardir
Tripoli, Benghazi dan rumah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>yang
menewaskan 15 orang termasuk putri Qaddafi yang masih kanak-kanak. Meski Libya
yang dipimpin oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>dimusuhi
oleh Eropa dan Amerika Serikat, tapi 1.7 juta dari 6.670.688 juta penduduk
Libya adalah pelajar (sensus 2006) karena pendidikan di Libya adalah gratis dan
lebih dari 82% penduduk Libya dapat membaca dan menulis. Selama <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>memerintah Libya, rakyat
hidup sejahtera. Pendek kata, Libya adalah negara yang paling makmur di Benua
Afrika dan lebih makmur daripada Singapura, Spanyol, Selandia Baru dan negara
lainnya selama <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>berkuasa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada 2009, Libya memiliki IPM
tertinggi di Afrika dan PDB (PPP) per kapita tertinggi pula di Afrika. Meski
Libya bukan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Negara Islam</span></b> tapi selama <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi</span></b> berkuasa, Libya adalah
negara paling makmur di Afrika, dan tak ada perusahaan asing yang mengelola
sumber daya alam termasuk minyak sehingga rakyat sejahtera. Hal ini berbeda
dengan Kerajaan Arab Saudi yang dianggap sebagai Negara Islam tapi membolehkan
Amerika Serikat mendirikan pangkalan militer dan minyak Arab saudi dikelola
oleh <b><span style="color: red;">Amerika Serikat</span></b> melalui <b><span style="color: red;">Saudi ARAMCO </span></b>(Arabian American Oil Company).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQXgbF_D_tbjJ10IxF9t4ZUziYkChiy9Yv3sRLIJdDfQdYWrObe5K23FG-7cwUb9hIJt8J_Dft1jHL7dVHSbvnSm_-AEkgSmScLdsbe64O-7s0kF28lky7bN_GjofuZMyBIDNQkyk6gsk/s1600/Muammar+al+Qaddafi.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQXgbF_D_tbjJ10IxF9t4ZUziYkChiy9Yv3sRLIJdDfQdYWrObe5K23FG-7cwUb9hIJt8J_Dft1jHL7dVHSbvnSm_-AEkgSmScLdsbe64O-7s0kF28lky7bN_GjofuZMyBIDNQkyk6gsk/s1600/Muammar+al+Qaddafi.jpeg" /></a></div>
Keterangan : <span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar
al Qaddaf</span></b> </span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar
al Qaddafi</span></b> mengundang ribuan tokoh Islam internasional termasuk
beberapa tokoh Islam dari Indonesia seperti Prof. DR. Said Aqil Siradj (Ketua
Umum PBNU), Lutfi at Tamimi (Direktur Sabili), Ustadz Arifin Ilham dan 16 tokoh
lainnya untuk mengikuti <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Mukhtamar Sufi
International </span></b>dan peringatan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Maulid
Nabi Muhammad</span></b> </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله
عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">yang digelar pada tanggal 10-14 Februari 2011 dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi</span></b> shalat bersama ribuan
Muslim dan ratusan kepala suku di Libya yang masuk Islam pada Senin, 13
Februari 2011. <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>berharap
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Umat Islam</span></b> bersatu tapi tak disukai
oleh negara-negara Eropa, Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara Arab termasuk Arab
Saudi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sejak Maret 2011, Libya pun
dihancurkan oleh para pemberontak yang bernama <b><span style="color: red;">Dewan
Transisi Nasional </span></b>(NTC) yang dibantu oleh NATO, Amerika Serikat, dan
Perancis. Sebelum <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi</span></b>
meninggal dibunuh oleh para pemberontak, beliau menulis surat wasiat. Inilah
surat wasiatnya, "<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Ini adalah surat wasiat
saya. Saya, Muammar bin Muhammad bin Abdussalam bin Humayd bin Abu Manyar bin
Humayd bin Nayil al Fuhsi Khadafi bersumpah tidak ada Tuhan lain selain Allah
dan Muhammad adalah Nabi Allah. Saya bersumpah akan mati sebagai Muslim. Jika
saya terbunuh, saya ingin dikuburkan sesuai ritual Islam, dalam baju yang saya
kenakan saat saya meninggal, tubuh saya tidak dimandikan, di pekuburan di
Sirte, di samping keluarga dan kerabat saya</span></b>". Maka tepat pada
20 oktober 2011, beliau dibunuh para pemberontak.......</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jika Anda benci pada
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi</span></b>, maka ketahuilah
selama beliau berkuasa di Libya :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Pada 2009, Libya
memiliki IPM tertinggi di Afrika dan PDB (PPP) per kapita tertinggi pula di
Afrika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Negara Libya
mempunyai cadangan minyak terbesar ke-10 dan penghasil minyak tertinggi ke-17
di dunia yang dikelola oleh Negara Libya sendiri tanpa perusahaan asing. Karena
minyak, Amerika Serikat bersama NATO menghancurkan Negara Libya dan membunuh
Muammar al Qaddafi melalui para pemberontak sehingga minyak di Libya dikuasai
Amerika Serikat dan Eropa sedangkan para pemberontak mendapatkan jabatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Sejak tahun 1975,
ada 9 universitas dan tahun 1980 ada 84 lembaga pendidikan teknisi dan
kejurusan (12 universitas umum)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4. Meski pada tahun
2006, penduduk Libya hanya 5.670.688 jiwa tapi 1.7 juta jiwa adalah pelajar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5. Kemampuan membaca
dan menulis di Libya adalah tertinggi di Afrika Utara dan 82% penduduk Libya
dapat membaca dan menulis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">6. Pada tahun ajaran
1975/1976, diperkirakan terdapat 13418 mahasiswa</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">7. Pada tahun 2004,
jumlah pelajar meningkat lebih dari 200 ribu dengan 70 ribu tambahan terdaftar
dalam pendidikan teknis tinggi sektor kejuruan. Peningkatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang cepat dalam jumlah siswa di sektor
pendidikan tinggi tercermin pada peningkatan jumlah lembaga pendidikan tinggi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">8. Pada 1998,
anggaran nasional yang dialokasikan Negara Libya untuk pendidikan mencapai
38.2%/. Maka tak heran jika pendidikan di Libya adalah gratis yang menyebabkan
jumlahorang yang dapat membaca dan menulis di Libya adalah tertinggi di Afrika</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">9. Al fateh
University di Tripoli, Garyounis University di Benghazi dan Universitas Omar al
Mukhatar di al Bayda adalah 3 univeristas utama di Libya yang dibangun oleh
pemerintahan Muammar al Qaddafi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">10. Karena Libya
terdapat gurun yang dapat menyebabkan kekeringan maka pemerintahan Muammar al
Qaddafi membangun sungai buatan manusia terbesar di dunia dan Muammar al
Qaddafi menyebutnya sebagai keajaiban dunia ke-8 untuk mengurangi kekeringan di
Libya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sesungguhnya masih banyak lagi
jasa-jasa <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>(Muslim
Sunni) selama beliau berkuasa di Libya tapi saya pikir sampai di sini saja saya
menulisnya karena banyak sekali dan pastinya tak muat di halaman ini .....</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi</span></b> dibunuh oleh para
pemberontak tepat pada 10 Oktober 2011 lalu, maka :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Negara Libya
menjadi Negara Boneka di Afrika Utara yang selalu mematuhi keinginan Barat yang
pro Israel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Sumber daya alam
Libya dikuasai Eropa dan Amerika Serikat termasuk minyak. Ingat, Negara Libya
mempunyai cadangan minyak terbesar ke-10 dan penghasil minyak tertinggi ke-17
di dunia. Karena minyak, Amerika Serikat bersama NATO menghancurkan Negara
Libya dan membunuh Muammar al Qaddafi melalui para pemberontak sehingga minyak
di Libya dikuasai Amerika Serikat dan Eropa sedangkan para pemberontak
mendapatkan jabatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Meski Amerika
Serikat terlibat dal</span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">am penghancuran Negara Libya tapi perusahaan manajemen
konstruksi asal Amerika Serikat di Libya, Hill International mengumumkan laba
bersih sebanyak US $ 1.6 juta pada tahun 2013. Proyek-proyek Hill International
di Libya seperti manajemen desain dan pengawasan pelaksanaan konstruksi untuk
perluasan atau pembangunan kampus-kampus universitas di seluruh Negara Libya.
So, mustahil sekali jika</span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">Eropa dan
Amerika Serikat menghancurkan pemerintahan </span><b style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar
al Qaddafi </span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">hanya untuk mendirikan </span><b style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: #004dbb;">Negara
Islam </span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">yang memakmurkan rakyat Libya sebagaimana anggapan </span><b style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: red;">al Qaeda </span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">dan </span><b style="font-family: "comic sans ms";"><span style="color: red;">Kaum
Wahabi</span></b><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Anehnya, PBB sebagai perwakilan
seluruh negara di dunia menyebut Libya yang dipimpin oleh <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi</span></b> sebagai <b><span style="color: red;">Negara Paria </span></b>dan <b><span style="color: red;">Obama</span></b>,
presiden Amerika Serikat yang disukai oleh beberapa orang Indonesia menyebut <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>sebagai <b><span style="color: red;">Anjing Gila </span></b>hanya karena Libya tidak tunduk pada
Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. <b><span style="color: red;">Arrahmah.com </span></b>sebagai
<b><span style="color: red;">Media Wahabi</span></b> di Indonesia menyebut <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>sebagai Fir'aun, Toghut,
dan <b><span style="color: red;">Musailamah al Kadzab </span></b>padahal <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>bukan raja yang mengaku
sebagai Tuhan tapi ia selalu shalat termasuk shalat bersama ribuan Muslim, jika
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>adalah Toghut
seharusnya <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tunduk pada Eropa dan Amerika Serikat
sebagaimana tunduknya Kerajaan Arab Saudi dan negara-negara Arab pada Amerika
Serikat, dan <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi</span></b> tak
pernah mengaku sebagai seorang Nabi tapi faktanya, beliau mengakui Nabi
Muhammad </span><span dir="RTL" face="" lang="" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">صل الله عليه وسلم </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">sebagai Nabi dan
Rasul Allah. Siapakah penyebar fitnah ?? <b><span style="color: red;">Kaum Wahabi
</span></b>dan <b><span style="color: red;">Barat </span></b>bersama media yang
dimilikinya !</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Semoga bermanfaat dan maaf bila
terdapat kesalahan. Tujuan saya menulis ini karena banyak orang yang menganggap
<b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Muammar al Qaddafi </span></b>sebagai pemimpin
diktator tapi justru beliau adalah <b><span style="color: #004dbb;">Pemimpin
Muslim </span></b>yang paling tegas dari Afrika Utara dan memakmurkan rakyatnya
tanpa harus mengemis pada Eropa dan Amerika Serikat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber-sumber
referensi :</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya</span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Italia_Turki"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Italia_Turki</span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://serbagratisbuku.wordpress.com/tag/perang-suci</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://bimbie.com/perang-italia-vs-turki.htm</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Ottoman"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Ottoman</span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://m.hidayatullah.com/berita/international/read/2014/03/20/18517/pasca-gadhafi-perusahaan-konstruksi-amerika-mengeruk-untung-di-libya.html</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Qaddafi"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_al-Qaddafi</span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Manmade_River"><span style="color: blue;">http://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Manmade_River</span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://antaranews.com/berita/245975/mahasiswa-tokoh-ormas-indonesia-hadiri-orasi-qaddafi-di-peringatan-maulid-nabi"><span style="color: blue;">http://antaranews.com/berita/245975/mahasiswa-tokoh-ormas-indonesia-hadiri-orasi-qaddafi-di-peringatan-maulid-nabi</span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://detiknews.com/read/2011/10/24/111948/1750833/1148/tulis-surat-wasiat-khadafi-minta-jasadnya-tidak-dimandikan"><span style="color: blue;">http://detiknews.com/read/2011/10/24/111948/1750833/1148/tulis-surat-wasiat-khadafi-minta-jasadnya-tidak-dimandikan</span></a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "times new roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "comic sans ms"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://m.arrahmah.com/read/2011/10/24/15936-serial-mengungkap-rahasia-kelam-sosok-qaddafi-firaun-toghut-dan-musailamah-al-kadzab-dari-libya-1.html</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
</div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8820157263951989868.post-37737545695801203772014-04-10T10:38:00.000+07:002020-03-02T20:15:39.160+07:00Mereka Memperebutkan Indonesia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Penulis : <a href="http://plus.google.com/+AdiSelamet99"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi Selamet</b></span></a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Terbit : 10 April 2014</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2dtZyXTxKvCVtE5oRX75ux0m5euwWGWdDACki8KyttvNmigNTTvOMVdsQIlictJEYCnOKi6tbIIB8-ougsLtYy5fpjBe8r6wj8SVl2riaJdznRzjRxQa6dwrbxPxco0UuA6TkrlkNAiU/s1600/Indonesia.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2dtZyXTxKvCVtE5oRX75ux0m5euwWGWdDACki8KyttvNmigNTTvOMVdsQIlictJEYCnOKi6tbIIB8-ougsLtYy5fpjBe8r6wj8SVl2riaJdznRzjRxQa6dwrbxPxco0UuA6TkrlkNAiU/s400/Indonesia.jpeg" width="398" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://adi-ingin-berbagi.blogspot.com/"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Adi-Ingin-Berbagi.blogspot.com</b></span></a> - Pasca berakhirnya Perang Dunia II (1937-1945) dengan Sekutu sebagai
pemenang dan sejarah dunia pun berubah drastis setelah Amerika Serikat
dan Uni Soviet melenggang menjadi negara super power.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Amerika Serikat berpaham liberal memimpin Blok Barat dan Blok Timur
dipimpin Uni Soviet berpaham Komunis. Ketakutan negara-negara dunia
terjadi karena Perang Dingin (1945-1991) yang sewaktu-waktu bisa berubah
menjadi Perang Dunia III, Perang Nuklir.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Bapak Sukarno pun tak tinggal diam. Beliau pun mengadakan Non Blok
dengan anggota semua negara di dunia yang bukan anggota Blok Barat dan
Blok Timur. Karena pengaruhnya yang besar membuat Uni Soviet dan AS
memperhitungkan dan segan pada Indonesia.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Agar Indonesia menjadi sekutu
Uni Soviet, Uni Soviet pun memperbaiki makam Imam Bukhari, ahli hadits
dan Masjid Biru yang tak terawat pun diurus sehingga lebih dikenal
sebagai Masjid Sukarno. Umat Islam di Uni Soviet pun kagum pada Bapak
Sukarno dan Indonesia.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Mengetahui hal ini membuat AS yang dipimpin oleh John Kennedy (Orang
Katolik pertama yang jadi presiden AS) membantu Indonesia untuk
mendapatkan Papua (dulu, Irian Jaya) dari tangan Belanda. Karena Belanda
membutuhkan dana dari AS akibat Perang Dunia II, Belanda pun terpaksa
melepas Papua dan andai Belanda mengetahui bahwa di Papua terdapat
Gunung Mas bernama Tembagapura maka pasti Belanda tak memerlukan bantuan
dari AS.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Belanda hengkang dari Papua dan John Kennedy dianggap sebagai
penghalang utama maka dia ditembak seseorang. Hal ini karena dia pro
Indonesia dan Freeport pun berhasil mengeksploitasi Gunung Emas di Papua
pada awal pemerintahan Orde Baru (1966-1998) atas jasa Mafia Berkeley,
para ekonom laknat.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Setelah Uni Soviet gagal menaklukan Afghanistan maka Uni Soviet pun
runtuh pada 1991 membuat AS melenggang menjadi negara negara terkuat di
dunia. Namun, AS kembali terhenyak saat Rusia (eks Uni Soviet) bangkit
bersama Kuba, Korea Utara dan Cina yang masih berpaham Komunis.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Meski
pangkalan militer AS ada di lebih dari 150 negara, AS tetap
memperhitungkan Indonesia dan Rusia. Jika Indonesia menasionalisasi
semua perusahaan tambang asing dan SDA dikelola sendiri maka Indonesia
pun menjelma menjadi negara raksasa yang siap menggeser kedudukan AS.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Hal ini tak akan disukai negara-negara kapitalis. Meski Cina mempunyai
ekonomi terkuat ke-2 setelah AS, Jepang sebagai negara maju pertama di
Asia, AS sebagai negara yang mempunyai militer terkuat di dunia dengan
pangkalan militer terbanyak, Australia sadar bahwa hanya ada 1 ancaman
paling berbahaya yaitu dari utara, Indonesia dan semua negara
berlomba-lomba menjadi sahabat dan menyebarkan pengaruhnya ke Indonesia
termasuk Arab Saudi yang mengekspor Wahabi ke negara ini.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sayangnya, Arab Saudi lebih suka mengekspor Wahabi daripada produk
buatannya ke Indonesia padahal Wahabi adalah paham radikal yang
menghancurkan negara-negara yang mayoritas Muslim dan menjadi duri di
tubuh Umat Islam.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Indonesia mempunyai belasan ribu pulau menyebabkan Indonesia disebut
sebagai negara yang mempunyai pulau terbanyak di dunia. Spanyol,
Portugis, Belanda, Perancis, Inggris dan Jepang pernah menjajah negeri
ini dan Indonesia berhasil mengusir Jepang. Penjajahan membuat Indonesia
menjadi negara bermental baja dan tahan banting.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Selama ratusan tahun hingga kini, Indonesia selalu menjadi negara
yang diperebutkan negara-negara lain. Andai Indonesia mengelola sumber
daya alam sendiri pasti Indonesia menjadi negara raksasa yang mampu
menggeser kedudukan Amerika Serikat.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Indonesia adalah negara bagi ratusan juta orang di dunia. Indonesia adalah negara kami hingga kami tiada.
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sekian yang dapat ditulis oleh saya. Semoga bermanfaat :-)</span></span></div>
</div>
Adi Selamethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15703379712394908613noreply@blogger.com0